Final Exam NR 511
Achilles Tendon Rupture - correct answer-Complete tear, post recreational sport, sudden
pain and a loud snapping noise.
a gap of 4-5 cm in the tendon can be felt immediatly after injury.
patient will limp.
requires an MRI if can't diagnose alone.
Surgical referral immediatly
Acute Bacterial and non-bacterial s/s - correct answer-Fever chills, malaise, arthralgia, LBP,
Dysuria, urgency, frequency, nocturia, bladder outlet obstruction. Abrupt on set
Acute LBP - correct answer-acitivity intolerance d/t back or back leg symptoms of less than 3
months
acute prostatitis - correct answer-Abrupt onset, and always associated with an UTI, most
predominant in sexually active men between the ages of 30-50.
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - correct answer-idiopathic loss of both active and
passive ROM, with no clear predisposition based on gender, arm dominance, or occupation.
Patients aged 40 to 60 years are more likely to be affected; diabetes mellitus (especially type
1) is the most common risk factor.
An enlarged rubbery gland - correct answer-During adigital rectal exam on a 75 year old
male, the clinician suspects the patient has prostate cancer. What physical finding should
make the clinician suspicious?
Ankle sprin - correct answer-occurs after some injury and is a tearing of the ligaments.
Most common is lateral
X-Ray only required if the malleolar zone has pain.
Not able to walk ER visit
PRICE: protect, rest, ice, compression, and elevation).
Tylenol and nsaids
,Anticholinergic/antispasmodic Agents Tx - correct answer-tolterodine (Detrol LA) or
Oxybutynin or (Ditropan XL)
Contraindications: Closed angle glaucoma and myasthenia gravis
Used to treat OAB/Urge and Stress incontinence
Articular symptoms characterized by - correct answer-Deep or diffuse pain
Limited AROM and PROM
Swelling
Crepitation
Instability
Locking
Deformity
Bence Jones protein - correct answer-a special protein found in the blood and urine,
indicative of multiple myeloma.
When proteinuria is identified in low risk (nondiabetic or nonpregnant) consider running this
test.
Benigh prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - correct answer-excessive development pertaining to
the prostate gland
bladder cancer cardinal sign - correct answer-Gross pain less hematuria
BPH symptoms - correct answer-Obstructive symptoms:
-Hesitancy
-Decreased force
-Straining to void
retention
-Dribbling
BPH treatment - correct answer--Alpha blockers [relax bladder neck muscles in the prostate
making urination easier]; alfuzosin (Uroxatral), doxazosin (Cardura), tamsulosin (Flomax),
and silodosin (Rapaflo),
, -5-alpha reductase inhibitors [shrink your prostate by preventing hormonal changes that
cause prostate growth]; finasteride (Proscar), dutasteride (Avodart)
TURP may be need when retention or other symptoms are unmanageable.
Bullous impetigo - correct answer-Vesicles enlarge to form a faccid bullae with clear yellow
fluid, leaving a thin brown crust. Trunk is more frequently affected.
If an adult w/ appropriate demographic risk factors should prompt an HIV investigation.
Cada Equina Syndrome - correct answer-Below the first lumbar level, horse's tail. including
perineal sensation and bladder and anal sphincter function.
Saddle anesthesia. Bowel or blader retention and or incontinence.
Calcium oxalate - correct answer-Forms in acidic urine
Black to dark brown stone
X-Ray (White spot) most common in Men
Risk: hyperoxaluria, genetic defect, increase in oxlate excretion.
Defect in liver metabolism
Diet heavy on oxalate rich: rhubarb, spinach, chocolate, nuts, and beer
Calcium phosphate - correct answer-Dirty white stone XRAY (forms in alkaline urine).
Hypercalcemai, increased absorption in GI tract
hormonal causes such as hyperparathroidism
Vasectomy, htn, and lasix
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) - correct answer-compression of the median nerve as it
passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist
Cause: repetative activity with hand.
Sx: burning, tingling, or itching numbness of hand and fingers, ** thumb, middle, and index
fingers.
Waking up feeling needing to shake out hands. symptoms must occur 3 months or more for
EMG to show abnormality
Treatment: NSAIDS, No corticosteroids, Vitamin B6
Surgery is reasonable after failure of conservative therapy for 3 months.
cauda equina - correct answer-collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord.
Change in bowel or bladder function. EMERGENCY
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