This document provides comprehensive notes on the syllabus of IGCSE CIE CHEMISTRY 0620 of chapter 7, chemical energetics. It includes major concepts like exothermic, endothermic, activation energy, energy profile diagram and etc.
CHEMICAL ENERGETICS
(Cambridge IGCSE CHEMISTRY 0620)
NOTE: Please look at the figures at the end!
Physical Changes:
Changes in the state or appearance of a substance without altering its
composition.
No new substance is formed.
Examples:
Melting ice to water.
Boiling water to steam.
Dissolving sugar in water.
Chemical Changes:
Changes that result in the formation of new substances with different compositions
and properties.
Examples:
Burning wood (combustion).
Rusting of iron.
Neutralization of an acid by a base.
Exothermic Reactions:
Reactions that release energy to the surroundings, usually in the form of heat.
Examples:
Combustion of methane: CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O + energy.
Respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy.
Freezing of water: H₂O(l) → H₂O(s) + energy.
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