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Cmy 117 - Fatty acid metabolism notes
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Fatty acid metabolismA2- 2003
14. What is the origin and function of chylomicrons?
(3)
Chylomicrons are formed in the ER of liver cells when fatty acids from a meal are
reassembled into fat and this becomes part of the forming chylomicron. They are
secreted into the interstitial spaces from where they are collected into the lymph
system for transport in the blood to tissues that will metabolised the fat.
15. When is the following reaction required and what kind of enzyme catalyses it?
(1)
This reaction is required during the ß-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and it is
catalysed by an isomerase
16. State two differences between fatty-acid oxidation and synthesis.
(2)
Oxidation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and synthesis in the cytosol.
For synthesis, the involved enzymes are combined in an enzyme complex
(synthase) whereas oxidation is catalysed by non-linked enzymes
17. What process is stimulated by glucagon and under what conditions does this
happen? (2)
, Glucagon is secreted under conditions of stress/starvation when the body needs
energy. It stimulates fatty-acid oxidation
18. Explain why the re-oxidation of a molecule of mitochondrial NADH by the
mitochondrial electron transport chain results in the generation of 3 ATP
molecules, while the re-oxidation of a molecule of FADH2 by the electron
transport chain results in the generation of 2 ATP molecules. (4)
Re-oxidation of FADH2 results in the transfer of electrons to coenzyme Q,
which transfers the electrons to Complex III.
Transfer of electrons from coenzyme Q to O2 (through Complexes III & IV)
generates sufficient energy to synthesise 2 ATP molecules.
Re-oxidation of mitochondrial NADH results in the transfer of electrons to
Complex I.
Transfer of electrons from mitochondrial NADH to O2 (through Complexes I, III
& IV) generates sufficient energy to synthesise 3 ATP molecules
A3 – 2004
Question 1
(a) State what molecular properties of bile salts underlie their function.
(1)
It is an amphiphilic molecule
(b) State in what form absorbed fat is transported to the liver.
(1)
It is incorporated in a chylomicron particle
(c) State what conditions lead to the mobilisation of stored fat.
(1)
Condition of starvation, exercise or stress
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