MTTC Integrated Science Secondary (94) Exam With Complete Solutions
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Course
MTTC Integrated Science
Institution
MTTC Integrated Science
MTTC Integrated Science Secondary (94) Exam With Complete Solutions
What are the 5 steps in the Scientific Method?
1. Identify a problem or pose a question based on an observation.
2. Formulate a hypotheses.
3. Conduct experiments or tests the hypotheses.
4. Observe and record the results.
5....
MTTC Integrated Science Secondary (94)
Exam With Complete Solutions
What are the 5 steps in the Scientific Method?
1. Identify a problem or pose a question based on an observation.
2. Formulate a hypotheses.
3. Conduct experiments or tests the hypotheses.
4. Observe and record the results.
5. Draw a conclusion (was the hypothesis correct?).
* peer review is also important.
Metric Unit deca (da):
x 10^1
Metric Unit hecto (h):
x 10^2
Metric Unit kilo (k):
x 10^3
Metric Unit mega (M):
x 10^6
Metric Unit giga (G):
x 10^9
Metric Unit deci (d):
x 10^-1
Metric Unit centi (c):
x 10^-2
Metric Unit milli (m):
x 10^-3
Metric Unit micro (µ):
x 10^-6
Metric Unit nano (n):
x 10^-9
Metric Unit pico (p)
x 10^-12
,What is an Independent Variable and what axis is it plotted on in a graph?
*The variable that acts as a control or does not change during an experiment.
*x axis
What is an Dependent Variable and what axis is it plotted on in a graph?
*The variable that changes in response to the independent variable. This change is measured to
determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
*y axis
What are random experimental errors?
Errors that are not consistent across the data set.
* can result in collected data that does not seem to fit and may be wildly different from the rest of the
data, or they may result in data that is indistinguishable from the rest.
* may be the result of outside factors that are not considered variables
*referred to as noise
What are systematic experimental errors?
An error that will show up consistently across a sample or data set.
*may be the result of a flaw in the experiment design or instrumentation
*affects the average
*known as a bias
Chemistry lab fire hazards
Volatile solvents:
ether, acetone, benzene
*store in open beaker or Erlenmeyer flask
*use extreme caution around sparks
* heat in fume hood with a steam bath (not on a hot plate)
Chemistry lab chemical burns
Mineral acids and alkalis are corrosive to the skin and eyes
*acid halides and phenols are corrosive and often toxic
Chemistry lab toxic chemicals that can be absorbed through the skin
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
nitrobenzene
Chemistry lab toxic fume inhalation
acetyl chloride- severely irritate membranes in the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs
benzyl chloride- eye irritation and tears
Simple microscope
a microscope that contains only one lens
Compound microscope
Microscope that contains two or more lenses to increase total magnification (usually 3 lenses)
*multiply each magnification to obtain total magnification
,Accuracy of balances
Most accurate- Electronic
triple- beam
Least- Spring balance
Chromotography
Is the separation of a mobile phase carrying a mixture that moves in contact with a selectively
absorbent stationary phase.
Analyte
The substance or chemical being analyzed or detected in a specimen
reagent
a chemical agent for use in chemical reactions
centrifuge
an apparatus that uses centrifugal force to separate particles from a suspension
Heterogeneous mixture
A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily
precipitate
A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture
supernatant
liquid above the precipitate that remains after centrifugation that can be removed from the
precipitate with a pipet- also called centrifugate
Spectrophotometry
An analytical method for identifying a substance by its selective absorption of different wavelengths
of light.
Electrophoresis
A technique for separating macromolecules (proteins, RNA, DNA) on a gel using an electric field.
Calorimetry
The measurement of heat flow (into or out of a system) as the result of a chemical reaction or
physical process.
Titration
a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is added to a known volume of a second
solution until the reaction between them is just complete
, Charles Robert Darwin
Author of "On the Origin of Species" and founder of modern evolution theory. Natural Selection,
natural change, gradual change, and common descent
*d.1882
Anton van Leeuwnhoek
made his own lenses
found unicellular organisms
cell theory (all cells come from preexisting cells)
*d. 1723
Carl Linnaeus
"Father of Taxonomy"; established his classification of living things; famous for animal naming system
of binomial nomenclature
*d. 1778
Barbara McClintock
Nobel Prize winner who found that genes could jump from one place on chromosome to another
Created the first genetic map for maize
*d. 1992
Gregor Johann Mendel
Austrian monk, and botanist who proved the existence of dominant and recessive characteristics in
living things (pea plants).
"Father of Genetics"
*d. 1884
James Watson and Francis Crick
Co-discovered the double helix structure of DNA in which two strands were wound around each
other--led to discovery of how DNA is replicated.
*d. 2004
Mean
Average (sum of a list of numbers divided by the number of numbers)
Median
Middle Number
Mode
Most common
Range
Distance between highest and lowest scores in a set of data.
Regression analysis
Measures the impact of a set of variables on another variable
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