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N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz #2 Questions With Complete Solutions $12.99   Add to cart
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N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz #2 Questions With Complete Solutions

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N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz #2 Questions With Complete Solutions

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  • April 18, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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N5315 Test 2 Questions with Complete Solutions

HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - can use urine, saliva, or serum (most

accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate

4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"

measures P24 antigen

can test 10 days post exposure



Mast cell - Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood

vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.



Histamine - Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow

to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.



Cytokines - Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive

resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-

inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.



Leukotrines - Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process.

Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition

for singular.

,Prostaglandins - Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the

arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and

fever.



Chemotactic factors - Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of

inflammation



Neutrophils - Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute

inflammation



Monocytes - Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for presenting

antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.

Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.



Cytokine IL1 function - Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also

increases the release of IL6a



Cytokine IL6 function - Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes

growth and stimulation of RBCs



Cytokine TNF function - Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins

by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis

, Cytokine growth factor function - Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils



Complement - Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vascular

permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.



Kinin - Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it

increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.



Coagulation cascade - Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin mesh to stop

bleeding and trap micro organisms.



COX1 - Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection, platelet

aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance



COX2 - Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain, fever, renal

protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.



COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - Protect gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and

bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can impair renal

function , monitor labs.



Arachidonic pathway purpose - Synthesis of prostaglandins

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