Exam (elaborations)
Nightingale College Pathophysiology Midterm Questions with Complete Solutions
- Course
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- Institution
- Nightingale College
Nightingale College Pathophysiology Midterm Questions with Complete Solutions
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Nightingale College Pathophysiology Midterm Questions with Complete SolutionsPathophysiology Correct Answer-The study of the underlying changes in body physiology (molecular, cellular, and organ systems) that result from disease or injury.
Pathology Correct Answer-The investigation of structural alterations in cells, tissues, and organs, which can help identify the cause of a particular disease.
Diagnosis Correct Answer-The naming or identification of a disease - is made from an evaluation of the evidence accumulated from the presenting signs and symptoms, health and medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging.
Etiology Correct Answer-The study of the CAUSE of disease
Epidemiology Correct Answer-The study of tracking patterns or disease occurrence and transmission among populations and by geographic areas
Nucleus Correct Answer-Controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information
Cytoplasm Correct Answer-An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Ribosomes Correct Answer-Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Correct Answer-Specializes in synthesis, folding, and transport of protein and lipid components of most organelles. A new role is sensing cellular stress.
Golgi apparatus Correct Answer-Responsible for processing and packaging proteins onto secretory vesicles that break away from the complex and migrate to various intracellular and extracellular destinations, including plasma membrane.
Lysosomes Correct Answer-Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars).
Peroxisomes Correct Answer-Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
Mitochondria Correct Answer-Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
Cytoskeleton Correct Answer-Network of protein filaments within some
cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms
of cell movement Plasma Membrane Correct Answer-The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
Signaling processes Correct Answer-1. They display plasma membrane-
bound signaling molecules (receptors) that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact
2. They affect receptor proteins inside the target cell and the signal molecule has to enter the cell to bind to them
3. They form protein channels (gap junctions) that directly coordinate the activities of adjacent cells
Atrophy Correct Answer-Type of adaptive cellular mechanism: decrease
in cell size
Hypertrophy Correct Answer-Type of adaptive cellular mechanism:: increase in cell size
Hyperplasia Correct Answer-Type of adaptive cellular mechanism:: increase in cell number
Metaplasia Correct Answer-Type of adaptive cellular mechanism: reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another, less mature cell type or a change in cell phenotype
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