Summary Agricultural Sciences Paper 1 - June Examination 2024
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Course
Agricultural Sciences
Institution
12th Grade
Agricultural Sciences Paper 1 - June Examination 2024
Multiple Choice Questions
- ANIMAL NUTRITION
- VITAMINS AND DIGESTIBILITY OF FEEDS
- ANIMAL PRODUCTION, PROTECTION AND CONTROL
- Covers all work done from term 1 and 2.
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Paper 1
GRADE 12
JUNE EXAMINATION 2024
Previous exam papers have been used to compile these notes, @IMPAQ JUN
2022,SC/NSC_ DBE/JUN 2021, 2022, 2023 & Mambane Secondary School Agricultural
Sciences Grade 12 Notes. These are only suggested answers from the memorandum.
Some information is repeated, I want you to show the different ways the same information
is asked. I encourage you to answer the calculation/illustration questions without even
looking at the answers.
Good luck . Juffrou Ansie
Contents:
Multiple choice questions.
Calcium An example of a macro mineral for animals is calcium
Absorption During this process, the end products of digestion are
transported through the wall of the rumen into the
bloodstream and lymphatic system so that they can be
distributed to all the cells in the body.
Intensive farming Management of this type of farming system is much more
difficult due to the large area on which animals move and little
labour is needed.
Epididymis Produces the male sex hormone, testosterone, which is
responsible for development of secondary sex
characteristics.
The Lieberkühn crypts Lieberkühn crypts secrete slightly alkaline succus entericus.
Estrus The 18 hour stage of active sexual behaviour during which a
cow allows mating.
Reproductive cloning Reproductive cloning is cloning with the aim of obtaining an
identical clone that can develop into a full-fledged organism.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
Metabolism Metabolism is the physical and chemical processes that take
place in living organisms.
Backyard system Chickens walk where they want, look for food themselves and
are also fed with leftover food.
Monogastric Non-ruminants: animals with a unicameral stomach.
The liver It is an exocrine gland located at the top of the abdominal
cavity.
Cafeteria style Relies on an animal consuming as much of a particular
mineral as it needs according to its individual needs.
Heat input and output This is the loss of heat through the skin and the heat gained
from metabolic reactions in the body.
Sustainable This means managing and using natural resources such as
vegetation and soil in such a way that they will not deteriorate,
thus ensuring that they can still be used in the future.
Hormone A substance that is secreted into the blood and acts on
tissues and other parts of the body, where it has a biological
reaction.
Flight zone The distance that animals like to maintain between
themselves and a threat or danger.
Diffusion Gas or molecules of the solute move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Metabolic water Formed during the oxidation of organic nutrients containing
hydrogen.
Oogenesis Oogenesis is the process by which eggs (ova) are produced by
the ovaries.
Conception Fertilization is the fusion of a spermatozoon with an ovum to
form a zygote.
Photosynthesis Glucose is formed during photosynthesis in leaves of plants.
Sun rays Sun rays is an important cause of elevated temperatures and
heat stress.
Lipase Lipase is an enzyme that helps to break down fat into glycerol
and fatty acids.
A cafeteria style In a cafeteria style, farm animals are allowed to take minerals
according to their individual needs.
The picture illustrates docking as a reason for handling farm
animals.
The purpose of The purpose of vaccination is mainly to prevent diseases in
vaccination farm animals
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
Hydrocephalus The accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain of a
foetus leading to difficult parturition
Biuret A non-protein nitrogen substance that is safer to use because
it is less soluble
Dipping Chemical method to control parasites.
Progesterone Hormone preventing the growth and ripening of the Graafian
follicle.
Concentrate The type of animal feed that contains a small volume per unit
mass
Crush/crush pen/race A permanent handling facility used to restrict the movement
of a bull and lead it towards a loading ramp
Milk let down/milk The process in lactating cows that is stimulated by hormones
ejection resulting in the flow of milk
Sperm The cell that fuses with the ovum during the process of
cell/spermatozoon/male fertilisation
gamete/male sex cell
Fertilisation Reproductive stage following immediately after successful
insemination
Embryo The transfer of a fertilised ovum from one cow to another
transfer/transplant/ET
Thyroid regulators Stimulate the growth of farm animals by causing the secretion
of a thyroxin hormone
Disinfecting/sanitising The application of chemicals to create an environment free
from disease-causing micro-organisms.
Synchronisation of The process where female animals in a herd are made to
oestrus come into oestrus simultaneously.
Testis Is responsible for the production of the male sex hormone in
bulls.
The picture left, shows the normal foetal position
Tranquilisers Chemical substances added to the feed of farm animals so
that they become calm and eat more
Hermaphrodites Animals which have both male and female reproductive
organs
Sustainable An approach that combines the advantages of modern,
medication/integrated traditional and complementary treatment to provide health
disease management care for farm animals
Placenta retention The failure of a cow to expel the placenta within 12 to 24 hours
after parturition
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
Embryo The process of removing fertilised egg cells from a superior
flushing/harvesting donor cow
Mitochondrion The organelle in the mid-piece of a sperm cell supplying
energy for movement
Drenching/dosing Devices used to administer liquid medication to farm animals
gun/syringe to treat internal parasites
Natural Takes place when the bull is allowed to mount and service a
mating/copulation cow.
Ectoderm The Ectoderm is the outer germ layer from which skin, hooves
and hair develop.
➢ Digest food with high quality fibre ➢ Cannot digest food with high quality
and cellulose fibre and cellulose
➢ Chew their food partially, regurgitate ➢ Chew their food properly and
later and re-chew swallow it once
Peristalsis is the involuntary contraction and relaxation of muscles that pushes food
through the alimentary canal.
➢ Peristalsis occur in the oesophagus, stomach and intestines
➢ If the rate of peristalsis increases, food will move faster along the alimentary canal
and less fluid will be absorbed leading to Diarrhoea
➢ If the rate of peristalsis decreases, food will move slower along the alimentary canal
and more fluid will be absorbed leading to Constipation
Retro-peristalsis
Retro-peristalsis is the involuntary contraction and relaxation of muscles that pushes food
back to the mouth in the alimentary canal
______________________________________________
PHARYNX
Pharynx is the funnel-shaped muscular tube connecting the mouth cavity to the digestive
and respiratory systems. It is enclosed by the epiglottis to prevent food from entering the
trachea during swallowing.
↘ Functions of the pharynx
↘ Exchange of gases
↘ Allows for the passage of food from the mouth to the oesophagus
↘ Connects the mouth to the oesophagus
The alimentary canal of a pig @ DBE/2021 & @DBE/2023
The animal has a simple/single/monogastric stomach.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, B: Soluble food 6
A: Bile is produced particles move into the
blood
D: Soluble
caseinogen in
milk is changed
into insoluble
casein
Physical and chemical digestion in the alimentary canal of this farm animal takes
place in the mouth.
Physical - Food is broken down by the teeth into smaller particles
Chemical - Salivary amylase in the mouth breaks down starch in food into maltose
Abomasum = Indication of the part in ruminant animals corresponding to part D in terms of
functioning.
Name of the farm animal above = Chicken/fowl/poultry
Reasons visible in the diagram, that it is a chicken/fowl/poultry’s digestive system.
Presence of a crop
↘ Presence of proventriculus/glandular stomach
↘ Simple stomach/monogastric
↘ Presence of ventriculus/gizzard/muscular stomach
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 7
↘ Presence of caeca/two blind guts
The pH of the contents of each of the following parts @DBE/2023
B - Acidic
E - Alkaline/basic
The importance of the substance/gastric juice in digestion
↘ It is antiseptic and destroys bacteria/prevent rotting of the stomach content
↘ Changes the pH of the stomach from alkaline to acidic
↘ Changes disaccharides into monosaccharide
↘ Activates pepsinogen to form pepsin
↘ Pepsin changes proteins to peptones
Role played by part labelled C/gizzard
It grinds food into smaller particles for easy digestion/mechanical/ physical digestion.
The diagram below shows a farm animal which is used in a feed trial (experiment). @
DBE/2023
FEED TRIAL
Dry oat hay (8 kg)
Dry manure (4,5 kg)
The purpose of the feed trial: To determine the digestibility of the hay/amount of oat hay
digested and absorbed.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 8
Classification of the feed = Roughage
Use a formula to calculate the digestibility co-efficiency of the feed used in the feed
trial above.
The substance that could be added to this feed to improve each of the following:
Palatability = Molasses
Protein content = Urea/biuret
Calculate each of the following:
The % of non-nitrogen substances in the feed
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 9
Nutritive ratio (NR) of this feed (use a formula)
Components making up non-nitrogen content in a feed
Ruminants produce large amounts of saliva per day. The saliva of ruminants does not
contain the enzyme amylase and therefore no chemical digestion takes place in the
mouth. @ IMPAQ June Exam 2022
Glands in the mouth that secrete saliva and give a description of each.@ IMPAQ June Exam 2022
The parotid glands produce a watery, whey-like secretion. The mandibular glands produce
a mixed secretion of whey and mucus. The sublingual glands secrete saliva which is
predominantly slimy in nature.
The function of saliva@ IMPAQ June Exam 2022
Saliva acts as an alkaline buffer that neutralizes the acid produced in the rumen and
reticulum during fermentation.
RUMEN
Rumen is the largest compartment of the forestomach. Found on the
left half of the abdominal cavity. The rumen contains large amounts
of microbes; Bacteria, Fungi and Protozoa.
@Juffrou_Ansie
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