Lehne's Pharmacology EAQ Study Guide Graded A+
Which statements accurately describe results of drug research in children? Select all that apply
The nurse is explaining to an older adult patient about age-related gastrointestinal changes that have an impact on drug action. What changes should the ...
1). Which statements accurately describe results of drug research in children? select all that
apply
Ans: It is true that about 30% of drugs cause unanticipated side effects, some of them
potentially lethal, in the pediatric population. Traditionally, the pediatric population is
subdivided into six groups: premature infants, full-term infants, neonates, infants, children,
and adolescents
2). The nurse is explaining to an older adult patient about age-related gastrointestinal changes
that have an impact on drug action. what changes should the nurse include in the teaching?
Ans: The age-related physiologic change of the older adult patient results in delayed
gastric emptying because of a decrease in peristalsis. As a result, the drug may take more
time to bring about the therapeutic action.
3). The nurse is explaining the changes in the distribution process of drugs occurring in elderly
patients. which pharmacokinetic changes occur in patients older than 60 years? select all
that apply.
Ans: Four major factors can alter drug distribution in older adults: (1) decreased
concentration of serum albumin, (2) increased percent body fat,
4). Which factors are involved in the physiological changes that affect drug absorption among
older adults? select all that apply.
Ans: The reduced rate of medication among older adults is partly explained by reduced
gastric acidity, delayed gastric emptying, and reduced splanchnic blood flow.
5). Which statements are true regarding the average effective dose (ed 50) and the therapeutic
index? select all that apply.
Ans: A large (high or wide) therapeutic index indicates that a drug is relatively safe.
Conversely, a small (low or narrow) therapeutic index indicates that a drug is relatively
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, unsafe. The ED 50 is the dose that is required to produce a defined therapeutic response
in 50% of the population.
6). Which changes occur in the absorption process because of aging in elderly patients? select
all that apply.
Ans: The Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 permits the testing
of new drugs in children before releasing them into the market. This helps ensure the
safety of the medication in children because many drugs behave differently in children.
According to this legislation, pharmaceutical companies should provide information on
the cost and uses of non-U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs or "off-label"
drugs in order to help regulate the cost of medications and ensure their proper usage.
According to the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, drug
companies should also notify patients and healthcare professionals 6 months before
ceasing distribution of a drug. This helps prevent withdrawal symptoms in patients taking
that medication. This Act does not promote the manufacture of orphan drugs and does
not provide information on preventing drug dependence.
7). Which actions should the nurse perform to ensure that the medication dose for a pediatric
patient is correct? select all that apply.
Ans: The patient's weight needs to be in kilograms, not pounds. All other information
listed is correct and must be followed by the nurse to ensure the correct pediatric dosage.
8). Which statements should the nurse include when educating a breast-feeding patient about
her medications? select all that apply.
Ans: Drugs taken by lactating women can be excreted in breast milk. Most drugs can
be detected in milk, but concentrations are usually too low to cause harm. If drug
concentrations in milk are high enough, a pharmacologic effect can occur in the infant,
raising the possibility of harm.
9). For a drug to be a proven teratogen, which criteria must be met? select all that apply
Ans: To prove that a drug is a teratogen, three criteria must be met: The drug must
cause a characteristic set of malformations; the drug must act only during a specific
window of vulnerability (e.g., weeks 4 through 7 of gestation); and the incidence of
malformations should increase with increasing dosage and duration of exposure. Drugs
are not tested in pregnant women. Studies in animals may be of limited value, in part
because teratogenicity may be species-specific.
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