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psych 150 cfcc ms Reid final examThere is always a distinct scent of olive oil and serrano chilies whenever Salma enters her aunt's home. She no longer notices the smells after staying a little while inside the house. This scenario is an example of ______. - answer habituation
Billy, a five-year-old boy, sees his father applying shaving cream on his face while shaving his beard in front of a mirror. Billy copies his father's facial and hand movements and later that day Billy stands in front of the mirror and pretends to shave. Billy's behavior is an example of ___________. - answer mimicry
Learning occurs when information moves from - answer short term to long term memory
Conditioning is a form of ____________ learning in which a behavior becomes more likely because the organism links that behavior with certain events in its environment. - answer associative
The two types of conditioning are ___________. - answer classical and operant
In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment, he presented the sound of a bell along with meat powder to his dogs. After several trials, the dogs learned to salivate to the sound of the bell in the absence of the meat powder. In this study, meat powder acted as a(n) ___________. - answer unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Which of the following studies has employed forward conditioning? - answer Presenting a loud noise before a puff of air is blown on a cat's face
As a child, Paul was bitten by a spider and thereafter developed an intense phobia of them. In an effort to cure Paul's phobia, a psychologist gradually exposed him to spiders. After many sessions of having nonthreatening experiences with spiders, Paul's phobia was cured. This is an example of ___________. - answer extinction
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner's experiment with Little Albert showed that: - answer psychological studies can raise ethical issues.
The removal of a stimulus after a behavior to increase the frequency of that behavior is known as ___________. - answer negative reinforcement
____________ decrease the frequency of behavior. - answer Punishers Spanking a child for repeatedly breaking glass showpieces is a form of - answer positive punishment
For every 10 cars Gus sells, he gets a bonus. Gus's sales are being reinforced according to a ____________. - answer fixed-ratio schedule
From birth, animals are inclined toward readily learning some things and not others. Biology makes it possible for humans, but not chimpanzees, to ___________. - answer talk
Albert Bandura called learning by watching the behavior of others ____________. - answer observational learning
What effect does modeling and reward have on learned aggressive behavior? - answer Kids are more likely to copy behavior that they see others being rewarded for.
A gaggle of baby geese instinctually form a bond with their mother. This is an example of ___________. - answer imprinting
Newborn Kayla smiles when she sees her father smile. This is most likely a result of which of the following physiological processes? - answer The firing of mirror neurons
Kandel, Fields, and others have shown that learning results in the growth of new ____________ in the brain. - answer synapses
Which of the following is most likely to be essential for moving an experience from short-term to long-term memory? - answer Having experiences repeated over a short
period of time
if language is defined as being "open," what does it mean? - answer It can be freely changed.
In the context of evolution of language in humans, what do scientists think about the development of grammatical language? - answer Evolution of language and the evolution of brain are intertwined.
Which of the following is true in the context of language development in infants? - answer It is suggested that Wernicke's area develops earlier than Broca's area.
According to scientists, children employ the recency effect when learning languages. It means that children usually tend to learn: - answer the last word in a sentence first.
Christopher is three years of age. Which of the following will hold true in the context of his brain development? - answer The brain reaches about 80 percent of adult size.
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