N6540 Midterm Exam 2022 (Answered)
What are the physiological changes of aging
1. Reduced physiological reserve of most body systems
2.Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust
3. Changes in the sympathetic response
4. Impaired immunological function- infection risk is greater and a...
N6540 Midterm Exam 2022 (Answered)
What are the physiological changes of aging
1. Reduced physiological reserve of most body systems
2.Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust
3. Changes in the sympathetic response
4. Impaired immunological function- infection risk is greater and autoimmune diseases
are more prevalent.
What factors influence lab value interpretation in the older adult
1. physiological changes with aging
2. the prevalence of chronic disease
3. changes in nutritional and fluid intake
4. Lifestyle
What lab values is important
Creatinine clearance, GFR and renal function
What are examples of drugs are eliminated renally
Digoxin, H2 blockers, lithium and water-soluable antibiotics
What are the two formulas to evaluate the kidney function
The Cockcroft-Gault formula and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)
What neurological conditions commonly have an initial onset in older age?
Parkinson's, dementia, stroke, and complex partial seizures
What are geriatric syndromes
Diseases that involve multiple systems and have more than one underlying cause
What are the geriatric syndrome giants currently
Frailty, anorexia of aging, sarcopenia and cognitive impariment
What are bimodal presentations of disease
Diseases that can present in a younger age and an older age.
What are examples of bimodal diseases?
Psoriasis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's disease, Hodgkin's
lymphoma, and myasthenia gravis
What is primary prevention?
Activities to prevent the occurrence of a disease or adverse, including mental health
What is secondary prevention
Tasks directed towards detection of a disease or adverse health condition in an
asymptomatic individual who has risk factors
What is tertiary prevention
The management of existing conditions to prevent disability and minimize complications
to prevent disability for optimal function
What is the key to increasing geriatric physical activity
motivation
What is the nutrition screening tool for community dwelling older adults
Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
What factors affect maintaining a healthy balanced diet in geriatrics?
1. Chronic illness and disability-related to ADLs like shopping and meal preparation,
2. Financial hardships-limit food choices
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