Module 1: Intro, Characteristics of Big Data 3
I. Big data: Definition 3
II. What is a marketing strategy? 3
III. Using big data to learn about things 5
IV. Mean squared error (MSE) 6
Module 2: Research Strategies 7
● What can you use big data for? 7
● Combined model 7
● RFM analysis 7
Example 1: 8
● RFM for segment-level prediction 9
Example 2: 9
● Expected profits and ROI 10
● Assignments 2 10
Module 3: A/B Testing 11
● What is A/B testing 11
● Mechanics of random assignment 11
● What’s the unit of randomization? 11
● What do you want to measure? 11
● Compare outcomes using tests and confidence intervals 12
● Compare outcomes using tests and confidence intervals 12
● Average treatment effect 12
● Confidence interval and tests 13
● Power 13
● Sample question 14
○ “Natural” experiments 14
○ Difference-in-difference estimator 14
Module 4: Customer Journey and Attribution Analytics 15
● Do channels really add incremental sales? 15
● Multi-touch attribution: which channel gets the credit? 15
● Rule-based: Last touch or last click 15
● An example: Markov-based approach 15
● Counterfactual 15
● Average causal effect and assignment (lol) 16
Module 5: Dynamic Targeting 19
● Recommender systems: help consumers keep track of/be aware of products in markets
with a very high variety; match preferences 19
● Key issues: 19
● 1. What type of data do you use to build the RS? 19
, ● 2. How do you make predictions? 19
○ Collaborative filtering: based on similarities between users & products 20
● 3. How do you measure the success or performance of the RS? 20
● Problems with recommender systems: 20
● Assignments 20
Module 6: User Generated Content 21
● User-generated content (UGC): any form of digital content produced by volunteer users of
an online service/website; publicly available to other users 21
● Assuming the average rating (R) reveals the true value of a product: 22
● Positive pre-purchase information: if R>Ȓ (better than expected) 22
● Negative pre-purchase information; if R<Ȓ (worse than expected) 22
● Prospect theory: we’re more sensitive to losses than gains 22
● Fake reviews: increase reviews & ratings and improve sales rank 22
● J-shaped distribution of ratings: 22
● Polarity: proportion of reviews at extremes (1 and 5 stars) 23
● (Positive) Imbalance: proportion of positive (vs negative) reviews 23
● Assignments 23
Module 7: Network Analytics, Social Contagion 23
● Networks: economic agents don’t act independently 23
● Bass Model: predicts how fast users will adopt a product 24
● S-shaped curve (P<Q): people adopt due to social influence; has to take off first 24
● Inverse J-curve (P>Q): people adopt spontaneously; takes off quickly 24
● 80-20 rule: top 20% of products account for 80% of sales (long-tail effect) 24
● Assumptions: 24
○ 1. Social contagion is actually among consumers (not an alternative reason) 24
○ 2. Some consumers have more influence than others 25
○ 3. Firms are able to identify & target influentials 25
● Degree: the number of contacts an individual has in a network 25
● Degree variance: 25
● Homophily: the degree to which individuals in a network are similar, in terms of
(observable?) characteristics 25
● Network components: a set of nodes with at least one connection 25
● Distance between nodes: number of links among the shortest path 25
● Betweenness centrality: the extent to which an individual is in the shortest path between
customers in a network 26
● Closeness centrality: a measure of closeness in a network; how easy is it to reach others
in the network? (reciprocal of “farness”) 26
● Tie strength: 26
● Hinz, Skiera Barrot & Becker (2011): 26
● Kim et al (2015): looking at 32 separated rural villages in Honduras 26
● Assignments 26
Wrap up and Exam review 27
, Module 1: Intro, Characteristics of Big Data
I. Big data: Definition
● A shorthand term that refers to several things (No precise definition):
○ Size of data (observations and variables)
○ Nature of the collection process (continuous, always on)
○ Type of data (structured vs. unstructured)
○ Purpose-built or data exhaust (primary vs. secondary)
○ Passively vs. actively collected
II. What is a marketing strategy?
● Target market
○ a group of customers with similar needs that the company wants to appeal to
● Marketing mix
○ All controllable variables company puts together to satisfy the target group
○ The marketing mix is the 4 P’s: product, place, promotion, price
● Choosing the target market: Segmentation
○ Through segmentation, a firm can increase sales, prices and marketing
efficiency, makes the marketing mix more personalized and efficient: better
products, place, promotion and price
○ Customers prefer to have things that exactly meet their needs, are willing to
pay more for it, and respond better to customized communications!
○ Big data = more variables to use for segmentation (purchase history, usage
history, which may reveal interests and benefits sought)
● Acquire new customers
○ Google: they know what you search for, browsing
■ Interested in running based on search and browse online
○ Facebook: they know what you like, interests, who you know demographics
■ Part of a running group, interests in running
○ Amazon: they know what you buy, where you live (delivery), what you consume
on Amazon media
■ Bought running gear in the past
● Predicting customer behavior
○ When will the customer quit (or churn)? (Should we intervene to keep them or
let them go?)
○ What service or product will the customer use next? (Should we nudge them in
a certain direction?)
○ If we spend a certain amount of money in certain channels, how many and
what types of customers are we likely to acquire (join or subscribe)?
● Reducing churn
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ahnngx23. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.96. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.