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Summary Basic laws and equations of Gravitation.
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The equations and relations form the basis for understanding various aspects of gravitation, from the force between masses to the effects of gravity on time and light in the context of General Relativity.

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  • January 26, 2024
  • 4
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

Subjects

  • basics of gravitation
  • orbits and keplers laws
  • escape velocity
  • acceleration due to gravity g
  • basic equations and definitions related

Written for

  • Secondary school
  • Physics
  • 2
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Basics of Gravitation:


1. Definition: The force of attraction between any two objects of mass is
known as gravity. The motion of planets, stars, galaxies, and all other
celestial bodies is caused by this fundamental force of nature.

2. The Law of Universal Gravitation by Sir Isaac Newton:
 suggested in 1687 by Sir Isaac Newton.
 states that all point masses in the universe are attracted to all other
point
masses by a force that is inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between their centres and directly proportional to the
product of their masses.
Gm1 m2
 Expressed mathematically F= , where the gravitational
r2
constant is represented by G, the gravitational force by F, the
masses of the objects by m1 and m2 respectively, and the distance
between their centres by r.

3. Gravitational Constant (G):

 Represents the strength of the gravitational force.
 Approximately 6.674×10−11 N⋅m2/kg2.

4. Acceleration Due to Gravity (g):

 The acceleration experienced by an object due to gravity near the
surface of a massive body.
 On Earth, g is approximately 9.8 m/s2, but it can vary based on the
planet or celestial body.

5. Mass and Weight:

 Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, while
weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity.
 Weight (W) is calculated as W=m⋅g, where m is the mass of the
object and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

6. Orbits and Kepler's Laws:

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