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UCF Biomed Exit Exam Solved 100% Correct!!
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UCF Biomed Exit Exam Solved 100% Correct!!
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UCF Biomed Exit Exam Solved 100% Correct!!Griffith's experiment Answer- Showed that bacteria can acquire DNA through transformation
Two strains of Pneumococcus; DNA from pathogenic strain taken up by non-
pathogenic strain, which then became pathogenic
Avery's experiment Answer- DNA, not proteins, caused bacterial transformation and is therefore the carrier of genetic information
Meselson's experiment Answer- Showed that DNA replication is semi-conservative
McClintock's experiment Answer- Discovered transposons
Hershey-Chase experiment Answer- Showed that only the DNA, no proteins, from bacteriophage enters a bacteria.
This demonstrates that genetic information is carried in DNA.
Watson and Crick Answer- Generated the double-stranded helix model of DNA
Sliding clamp Answer- Part of the DNA Pol. 3 holoenzyme
Prevents the polymerase from dissociating from the template DNA strand
DNA Helicase Answer- Unwinds DNA, separating the two strands
Topoisomerase Answer- Alters the supercoiled form of DNA
Telomerase Answer- Adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres without the need for a DNA template
Order in which enzymes participate in DNA replication Answer- Topoisomerase
Helicase
Single-stranded binding proteins
Primase DNA polymerase 3 holoenzyme
DNA polymerase 1
- Removes RNA primers and fills in gaps between Okazaki fragments
Ligase
Activator proteins Answer- A DNA-binding proteins that recruit transcriptional machinery
Enhancers Answer- The region of DNA that activators bind to
Silencers Answer- DNA sequences that repressor proteins bind to in order to decrease transcription
Riboswitches Answer- Regulatory RNA elements within the mRNA that act as direct sensors of, small molecules, tRNA, temperature, pH, metals, altering the rate of production of the product of that mRNA in prokaryotes
Processing of eukaryotic mRNA Answer- Transcription
Capping
- Added almost immediately after transcription begins
Polyadenylation
RNA splicing
mRNA export from the nucleus via mRNA transporter
Parallel vs. antiparallel β sheets Answer- In parallel, the H bonds are at an angle, whereas in anti-parallel, they are straight.
Origins of multidomain proteins Answer- Gene duplications (retrotransposons, unequal crossing over, DNA polymerase slippage, nondisjunction, genome duplication) followed by divergence
Base pair recognition in major vs minor grooves Answer- Major groove:
-There is enough room to recognize arrangement of H bond donors and acceptors
--- Can tell discriminate between CG, GC, AT, and TA
Minor groove:
- Can only discriminate between CG/GC and AT/TA but won't be able to tell whether it's CG or GC
Leucine zipper domain Answer- Family of DNA binding proteins where two subunits come together to form a dimer through use of coiled coil region.
- The DNA goes between the two subunits
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