Clemson BIOL 2220 Exam 1 Study Guide
New Year 2024 with complete solution
Anatomy - greek(to dissect)
-study of structures and the relationship of those structures
Gross anatomy - can be seen with the naked eye
regional anatomy - specific locations
systemic anatomy - organ systems
surface anatomy - from what you can see on the surface of the skin
-tendons
-markings
-vascular tissue
-leads to forensic reconstruction
microscopic anatomy - can't be seen with the naked eye
-cytology(cells)
-histology(tissues)
developmental anatomy - changes in anatomy -fertilization->death
-embryology (fertilization-> birth)
pathological anatomy - change in structure from disease
radiographic anatomy - study using specialized imaging techniques
Xray - short wave rays
-gamma radiation
-light waves pass through soft tissues and reflect off of dense bone
CT scan - computerized tomography
-light energy, xRays in sections
-pics layered with computer
-sections without overlap
-shadowing of soft tissues
Xenon CT - gas that gets radioactively labeled -inhaled gives off light on film
-accumulations in most active tissues DSR scan - Dynamic Spacial reconstruction
-360 pictures
-3D
DSA - digital subtraction angiography
-2 picts, before and after
-shows contrast from both pictures to show only blood vessels
PET scan - positon emission tomography -radioactive isotopes -show metabolic processes
Ultrasound - sound waves
-transmitter and receiver
-bounces off different types of tissues
MRI - magnetic resonance imaging
-magnetic energy polarizes ions in the body
-hydrogen ions
-only soft tissue shows because it has more water
MRS - magnetic resonance spec trophy
-same tech as MRI
-different types of ions
M2A - camera pill
pics along digestive tract
Physiology - greek(Physis-function)
-study of function chemically and physically
relationship of Physiology and anatomy - looks the way it does because of its function
-structure can dictate function and function can dictate structure
Order of structural organization - -chemical
-cellular
-tissues
-organs
-organ system
-organismic
Chemical - lowest level of study
all of the chemicals essential for life
-all reactions must occur in solution
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