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BIS 2B Final Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2023
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BIS 2B Final Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2023
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BIS 2B Final Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2023Why is the biomass difference between producers and consumers so large in forests compared to grasslands? - Correct Answer-less trees than grasses, but a single tree can feed a lot more than a single grass
Ecology - Correct Answer-study of how organisms interact w/ each other + the with the environment in which they live
evolution - Correct Answer-study of changes in heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations
Which of the following does NOT contribute to sea level rise? A) warming of ocean water
B) melting of glaciers
C) melting of ice sheets (Greenland, Antarctica)
D) melting of sea ice (Arctic) - Correct Answer-D) melting of sea ice
For A), warmer water expands, so it contributes to sea level rise.
For B), melting of glaciers does contribute because water runs off and melts
For C), melting of ice sheets does contribute because entire states of ice are falling off and melting
For D), melting of sea ice does not contribute because it's already in the sea
weather - Correct Answer-conditions in atmosphere over short period of time - current conditions (humidity, temp, etc) - individual events (storms, flood) - may not follow climate trend
climate - Correct Answer-average weather conditions over long period of time - mean annual precipitation - mean annual temp - mean storm frequency, etc
Earth's radiation budget - Correct Answer-Human influence on climate occurs thru alterations of radiation budget - radiation in the atmosphere is always greater than how much is being radiated by the Sun - Sun's energy gets inside the atmosphere, absorbed and reradiated, but it has less energy when reradiating so it can't leave the atmosphere and stays stuck in the system Why do CFCs follow a different pattern than other greenhouse gases? - Correct Answer-CFCs = chlorofluorocarbons (used in refrigerants) - break ozone into oxygen, 1 single CFC breaks down many - leads to ozone depletion (ozone blocks UV light) - leads to Montreal Protocol, estimate levels will be back to how it was before in 2020 (went into effect 1989)
Hydrosphere - Correct Answer-- ocean absorbs heat - warmer ocean causes more intense storms, absorbs most of the heat
- increased storm frequency + intensity - sea level rise (ex: high tide flooding)
- ocean absorbs CO2 (increased acidity) - organisms require carbonate ions for skeleton - more CO2 leads to less carbonate and more H+, so corrosive to shells + skeletons - CO2 + H2O <---> H2CO3 <---> H+ +HCO3- <---> 2H+ + CO3-2
What impact does acidification (reduced pH) have on marine life? - Correct Answer-- corrosion of skeletons
- cannot adapt to change in pH that quickly
Cryosphere - Correct Answer-- arctic sea ice melting = floating ice, used to average out when cool year + warm year - cannot rebuild ice if there is no cool year
- ice sheets melting - Greenland Ice Sheet thawing accelerates from 40% - 97% in 4 days in 2012 - Larsen A Ice sheet collapse 1995 - 2002 Larsen B Ice sheet collapse - chunk of ice size of Rhode Island - 2017 Larsen C collapse
- permafrost = frozen land
- melting of glaciers --> no glaciers in Glacier National Park by 2030?
Modeling Future - Correct Answer-Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) - trajectories for greenhouse gas concentrations ---> 4 possible futures
1) RCP 2.6 global annual GHG emissions peak 2010-2020
2) RCP 4.5, peak around 2040, then drop
3) RCP 6.0, peak around 2080, then drop
4) RCP 8.5 continue at current level throughout 21st century
What time of year is shown in this photo? A) June
B) September
C) December
D) March - Correct Answer-A) June
clouds = ITCZ (intertropical convergence zone) - sun's energy must be intense
Levels of Biological Diversity - Correct Answer-- Habitat & Ecosystem (river, lake ocean)
- grouping of species by physical environment
- Higher taxa (genera, orders, phyla) & functional groups (predators) - by evolutionary relatedness or ecological role
- Species - diff species occupying same habitat at the same time
- Genetic - diff in genotypes of individuals of the same species
- Plasticity - diff phenotypes among individuals w/ the same genotype
Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Quantifying Diversity - Correct Answer-Diversity Index D = (P1^-P1)(P2^-P2)...(Pn^-Pn) - P = proportion of individuals of that species
- species richness = total # of species in habitat
- species evenness = relative abundance of each species
- closer to # of species = more diverse
Species - Area Curve - Correct Answer-How # of species found changes with area sampled
Rarefaction Plots - Correct Answer-How # of species found changes w/ # of individuals sampled
Months in Earth's orbit - Correct Answer-(by months instead of seasons because different seasons on different hemispheres) - June and December solstice - sun = greatest distance from equator (sun either tilted towards or away from pole) - March and September equinox - sun crosses plane of Earth's equator, equal length of day and night
Tilt & Solar Energy - Correct Answer-Toward the poles, the Sun's rays hit Earth at oblique angle and spread over larger area, diffusing energy.
At and near equator, sunlight hits Earth directly, delivering more heat and light at any given spot Earth at a constant tilt of 23.5 degrees
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