This 16 page handwritten digital notes document revolves around the topic of Blood and the Lymphatic system. I personally included points and notes that I needed in order to benefit from these notes when studying for my own classes. While these notes are high quality, condensed, and helpful, they a...
TEST BANK FOR ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 12TH EDITION MARIEB | ALL | 2025
Test Bank to Accompany Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology,Marieb,12e
Test Bank for Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, 12th Edition by Elaine N. Marieb, 9780134652351, Covering Chapters 1-16 | Includes Rationales
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BIOLOGY ~ Blood and
Lymphatic System Notes
, •
Blood :
only fluid connective tissue
↳ Is the .
↳ of mesodermal origin .
↳
Transports Oz , coz , Hormones , waste , and Nutrients .
↳
Helps in Regulation of pH and Temperature
↳ Aids in protection { immunity → contains WBC .
↳
Helps maintain fluid levels
☆ Formed elements =
cells
plasma →
•
Blood formation sites : (fluid portion)
↳ In the developing fetus =
live rdy spleen
↳ By seventh month = bone marrow RBC →
↑
WBC
◦
How does fetal hemoglobin differ from newborn hemoglobin ?
↳ Fetal hemoglobin is slightly alkaline (7.35-7.45) , and blood
temperature is slightly higher .
↳ 5- 6 Litres
components of Blood
b b
Plasma ( 55% ) solid elements 1451)
↳ water ( 91% ) =
Liquid part of blood ↳ cells + cell fragments -_
Formed elements
↳
Transports cellular elements of blood throughout CS 99.9%
b
↳
Erythrocytes = RBC → Biconcave discs
proteins serum
↳ solutes ( ≈ 9J .
) p
plasma -
-_
e. ii.
< • ii. Lymphocytes , monocytes
↳ Plasma proteins = most abundant solute Gi .
) ↳
thrombocytes = Platelets
↳
Examples
:
albumin , globulin s , and fibrinogens
✓
b
•
Goi .
•
36% of plasma .
4 i. of plasma
•
produced in liver Proteins ,
proteins
'
Act as transport ◦
produced by liver to
Alpha {
•
ions ,
Beta Gamma blood plasma
protein → carry
Formed in liver produced in
Largest plasma proteins
•
and some
◦ •
hormones ,
plasma ,e ,, , .in
lipids -
Transport lipids lymph nodes
•
Needed for clotting
osmotic { fat vitamins
controls soluble Function Polypeptide
◦ •
as
-
.
pressure → keeps in b' °°ᵈ immunoglobulins •
Acts a s acute phase
water in bloodstream or antibodies of proteins
immune system • Fibrin creates a
fibrous network for clotting
, Erythrocytes RBC
•
=
↳ No nucleus in mature red blood cell
↳
Lifespan =
Approx . 120 Approx 4 months women 12-16 gldl
days = . .
=
↳
Primary function =
Transport Oz to cells of body ↑ men 13 -1891dL =
↳ Has
approx . 280 million molecules of hemoglobin
•
Iron cont-ainihgretpirat.org
protein → carries Oz from lungs
to rest of body .
MMM ◦
1 Hb = yneme = 4 iron atoms 402
•
Recycled Hb iron →Turns into
bili verdin → Turns to bilirubin→
excreted in bite
•
1 Hb = 4 protein building blocks
Jaundice
called
globins
High levels > 2 -3mg 1dL modified and removed via urine
{ feces
= =
I
•
Liver =
conjugation of bilirubin to make it soluble → excreted
in b→ enters digestive tract →
helps emulsify fat
•
Iron →
transported by transferrin to liver
→ transferred to ferritin for storage
I
can be transported to red bone
marrow
•
Jaundice = Yellowish pigmentation in skin
feces may be pale
•
↳ caused by →
Indirectly = bilirubin in urine , excess RBC breakdown , sickle cell
anaemia
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