ASVAB – 2023 Complete And Correct
Geology The study of the nature and composition of the rocks and material that make up the Earth,
how they were formed, and the physical and chemical processes that have changed earth over time
Mineral a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal...
ASVAB – 2023 Complete And Correct
Geology ✔The study of the nature and composition of the rocks and material that make up the Earth,
how they were formed, and the physical and chemical processes that have changed earth over time
Mineral ✔a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical
elements
Organic compounds ✔Carbon- containing remains of decomposed plant or animal matter
Mineraloids ✔Minerals that lack a defined crystalline structure.
3 fundamental classifications of rocks ✔Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary rocks ✔- Form at the Earths surface on land and bodies of water
- Formed through deposition and cremation of fragments of other rocks, organic matter, and minerals
Strata ✔layers of sediment that get pressed into a solid over time when more sediment settles on top
Sedimentary rocks are further classified as ✔- Clastic/Detrital
- Biochemical
- Chemical
-Other
Clastic/Detrital Sedimentary Rocks ✔Composed of other inorganic rocks or organic particles
, Biochemical sedimentary rocks ✔Have an organic component like coal which is composed of decayed
plant matter
Chemical sedimentary rocks ✔Form from a solution containing dissolved materials that became
supersaturated and minerals precipitate out of solution. (example: Halite, or rock salt is an example of a
chemical sedimentary rock)
Other Sedimentary Rocks ✔Rocks from fragments formed by asteroid or comet impacts or from
fragments of volcanic lava
Igneous Rocks ✔Composed of molten material beneath the Earths surface called magma and are
classified based on WHERE the magma cooled and solidified
Types of igneous rocks ✔intrusive (plutonic) and extrusive (volcanic), or hypabyssal
Intrusive (Plutonic) Igneous Rocks ✔Igneous rocks cool slowly beneath the surface, larger crystals. Tend
to have coarse grain, a larger crystalline structure of their mineral constituents, and a rough appearance.
(Ex. granite)
Extrusive (volcanic) igneous rocks ✔Forms from fast cooling, forms on the surface, small crystals or too
small to see, smooth or fine grained appearance. (Ex. glassy obsidian)
Hypabyssal igneous rock ✔Formed at levels between intrusive and extrusive (just below the surface)
they aren't nearly as common
Metamorphic rocks ✔Made when heat, pressure, or fluids change one type of rock into another type of
rock (sedimentary, igneous, or other metamorphic rocks) caused by physical and /or chemical change
Metamorphic rock classification ✔foliated and non-foliated
foliated metamorphic rock ✔Layered or folded, which means they form from compression in one
direction and result in visible or banding within the rock (Ex. gneiss or slate)
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