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Summary Fluid mechanics
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FLUID MECHANICSFluid mechanics is the study of fluids, which include both liquids and gases, and their behavior under
different conditions. The theory of fluid mechanics is based on fundamental principles of physics,
including Newton's laws of motion and conservation of mass, energy, and momentum.
The fundamental concepts of fluid mechanics are:
1. Continuum assumption: This assumption considers fluids to be continuous, homogeneous, and
without any discontinuities at the molecular level.
2. Conservation laws: The conservation of mass, energy, and momentum are the fundamental laws
of fluid mechanics. These laws are expressed mathematically as the continuity equation, the
energy equation, and the Navier-Stokes equations.
3. Viscosity: Viscosity is the property of fluids that causes them to resist deformation. It is a
measure of a fluid's internal friction and is responsible for the transfer of momentum and
energy within the fluid.
4. Pressure: Pressure is a measure of the force exerted by the fluid on its surroundings. It is defined
as the force per unit area and is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics.
The Navier-Stokes equations are the basic equations of fluid mechanics and describe the motion of fluids
in terms of velocity, pressure, and density. These equations are derived from the conservation laws of
mass, momentum, and energy and take into account the effects of viscosity and external forces. The
Navier-Stokes equations are complex and require advanced mathematical techniques to solve,
particularly for turbulent flows.
Other important concepts in fluid mechanics include:
1. Boundary layers: The boundary layer is the thin layer of fluid that forms on a surface in contact
with a fluid. It is important in fluid mechanics because it affects the frictional drag on the surface
and can cause flow separation and turbulence.
2. Turbulence: Turbulence is the chaotic, irregular motion of fluids that occurs at high velocities or
in the presence of obstacles or irregularities. It is important in many engineering applications,
such as the design of aircraft and the optimization of industrial processes.
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