nigrostriatal pathway Ans- from substantia nigra (brainstem) to striatum (muscles): Parkinson's
mesolimbic pathway Ans- projects to nucleus accumbens (part of limbic system). Pleasure, reward,
positive symptoms of schizophrenia: Addiction, gambling
Tuberoinfundibular pathway Ans- regulation of prolactin (acts on pituitary). Hypersexuality in mania
Dopamine Ans- produced in substania nigra and VTA. D2 & D4 receptors most important. Elevated in the
mesolimbic pathway associated with pleasure and psychosis. Antispychotics block dopamine. travels
through mesocoritcal, mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and tuberinfundibular pathways
Serotonin Ans- 5-HT. produced in raphe nucleus. emotion, impulses, dreams. 5HT2A receptors = atypical
antipsychotics.
Norepinephrine Ans- produced in locus coeruleus. arousal and vigilance
GABA Ans- inhibitory. produces calm in conjunction with benzodiazepines.
ACTH Ans- motor control, learning, memory, sleep, and dreams. Helps with balance. Decrease in
Alzheimer's disease
hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) Ans- CRH, ACTH, then cortisol. Worsens with stress and
depression
hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) Ans- TRH, TSH, T4. Hypothyroid causes depression, weight gain,
slow metabolism. Hyperthyroid is opposite.
parietal lobe Ans- receive and process sensory input
Wernicke's area Ans- temporal and parietal lobes; speech
amygdala Ans- fear response.
hippocampus Ans- memory. Make up limbic system with amydgala
HIPAA Ans- 1. education about privacy protection, 2. access to own medical records, 3. request
amendment to health information to which they object, 4. require permission for disclosure of medical
issues
forensic nursing Ans- based on crime committed and investigational aspects
correctional nursing Ans- offender's current mental health and medical condition
research utilization process Ans- critique, synthesize, apply, measure
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