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Exercise 4.1A
The Logic Tutor responds:
1. To put it bluntly but fairly, anyone today who doubts that the variety of
life on this planet was...
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POL WEB TUTOR
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CH. 4
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EX. 4.1A
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Evaluation of your answers from
Exercise 4.1A
The Logic Tutor responds:
1. To put it bluntly but fairly, anyone today who doubts that the variety of
life on this planet was produced by a process of evolution is simply
ignorant — inexcusably ignorant.
Your answer of ``Argument against the person'' is correct!
2. Your Honor, it's true that I killed my parents. I fully admit that I
murdered them in cold blood. But I should get a light sentence. After all,
I am an orphan.
Your answer of ``Appeal to pity'' is correct!
3. As I travel around and talk to people I find that many do not even
know what genetic engineering is. Well, genetic engineering is best
defined as the most recent in a long line of attempts, on the part of human
beings, to play God. Of course, the proponents of genetic engineering
,overlook just one little fact: we humans are not God. And that's why
genetic engineering is profoundly immoral.
Your answer of ``Straw man fallacy'' is correct!
4. All the really hot new thinkers are using principles from sociobiology.
It's the new wave in ethics. So, you should accept the principles of
sociobiology.
Your answer of ``Appeal to the people'' is correct!
5. Any politician who has lied to the nation is a person who has betrayed
the public trust. Some US Presidents are politicians who have lied to the
nation. Accordingly, some US Presidents are persons who have betrayed
the public trust.
Your answer of ``No fallacy'' is correct!
6. Although they've certainly tried, scientists have not been able to
demonstrate that ESP is a myth. So, ESP is probably real.
Your answer of ``Appeal to ignorance'' is correct!
7. It is quite clear what the proponents of legalized euthanasia are
seeking. Put simply, they are seeking the power to kill anyone who has a
serious illness. And that is why I stand opposed to legalized euthanasia.
Your answer of ``Straw man fallacy'' is correct!
8. All beautiful paintings are colorful objects. No charcoal drawings are
beautiful paintings. Therefore, no charcoal drawings are colorful objects.
Your answer of ``Formal fallacy'' is correct!
9. So many people these days are against prayer in the public schools! Of
course, the assumptions underlying this view include: (a) there is no God,
(b) only matter exists, and (c) life is essentially meaningless. That is why
we must fight against these people who seek to remove prayer from our
public schools.
Your answer of ``Straw man fallacy'' is correct!
10. Professor Jackson, this paper merits at least a "B." I stayed up all
night working on it. And if I don't get a "B," I'll be put on academic
probation.
Your answer of ``Appeal to pity'' is correct!
11. If consuming large quantities of alcohol damages one's liver, then
consuming large quantities of alcohol is unhealthy. Consuming large
quantities of alcohol damages one's liver. Hence, consuming large
quantities of alcohol is unhealthy.
Your answer of ``No fallacy'' is correct!
12. Of course it is reasonable to believe that we have been visited by
extraterrestrial beings. After all, plenty of skeptics have tried, but none
has been able to disprove that such visitations have occurred.
Your answer of ``Appeal to ignorance'' is correct!
13. Since you became a member of this club you've raised quite a ruckus
about women's rights. And I know you sincerely believe in feminism. But
if you go on holding these extreme views, I will see to it that you are
never voted in as an officer of this club. And you know I can make good
on that threat. I hope you follow me: your feminist views are too radical
, and need to be toned down.
Your answer of ``Appeal to force'' is correct!
14. The future free actions of humans can be known in advance only if
time travel is possible. But you're a fool if you think time travel is
possible. So, it is not true that the future free actions of humans can be
known in advance.
Your answer of ``Argument against the person'' is correct!
15. If Norway is the world leader in per capita electrical power
generation, then the USA is not the world leader. And indeed, the USA is
not the world leader in per capita electrical power generation. Therefore,
Norway is the world leader in per capita electrical power generation.
Your answer of ``Formal fallacy'' is correct!
16. Dr. Herzheimer has written essays criticizing self-help books from
the standpoint of logic and science. I realize Dr. Herzheimer is a famous
philosopher, but I think it's immature and cold-hearted to criticize people
who are trying to help others get their lives together. Thus, I myself give
no credence to Dr. Herzheimer's work whatsoever.
Your answer of ``Argument against the person'' is correct!
17. Republicans are people who believe that the rich should get richer
and the poor poorer. They are against welfare and against taxes for
people who can well afford to pay taxes. Republicans also hold that the
only good immigrants are either wealthy or well-educated. Thus, I
strongly urge you not to be a Republican.
Your answer of ``Straw man fallacy'' is correct!
18. Excuse me, Mr. Smith, did I hear you correctly? Did you say that
boxing should be banned? Sure, boxing is a little dangerous, but real men
love boxing. Therefore, boxing should not be banned.
Your answer of ``Appeal to the people'' is correct!
19. Mr. Johnson argues that we should stop eating meat. But did you
know that Mr. Johnson owns the Vegetables Forever Produce Company?
Oh yes, he stands to gain a lot, financially speaking, if the rest of us
become vegetarians. I think we can safely ignore his line of argument.
Your answer of ``Argument against the person'' is correct!
20. Nowadays, everybody who is anybody knows that zumba is the
coolest way to keep fit.
Your answer of ``Appeal to the people'' is correct!
21. Given that most commuters are willing to ride trains, light rail is a
good solution to gridlock on the highways. But most commuters are not
willing to ride trains. Hence, light rail is not a good solution to gridlock
on the highways.
Your answer of ``Formal fallacy'' is correct!
22. I do not have very much information about Mr. Reed, but there is
nothing in his file to disprove that he's an eco-terrorist. So, he probably is
one.
Your answer of ``Appeal to ignorance'' is correct!
23. I find it mildly amusing that Mr. and Mrs. Billings are advocating
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