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TEST BANK for An Adventure in Statistics: The Reality Enigma Second Edition by Andy Field. ISBN-. All Chapters 1-17. (Complete Download). $41.96
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TEST BANK for An Adventure in Statistics: The Reality Enigma Second Edition by Andy Field. ISBN-. All Chapters 1-17. (Complete Download).
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TEST BANK for An Adventure in Statistics: The Reality Enigma Second Edition by Andy Field. ISBN-10 6. All Chapters 1-17. (Complete Download). TABLE OF CONTENT Page: 1 Chapter 1: Why you need science involves Page: 5 Chapter 2: Reporting research, variables and measurement Page: 9 Chapter 3: Summa...
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, An Adventure in Statistics: The Reality Enigma
Chapter 1: Why you need science
1. The research process involves a series of steps to systematically reach conclusions about a
phenomenon of interest. We observe that there are differences in the salaries of men and women for
doing the same job, what is the population of interest that we would need to collect information on to
carry out our research?
a) All individuals aged 18 and over in a population
b) Male workers earning more than the average salary
c) All individuals who are at the legal age of working
d) All individuals who have worked at least 1 hour in the last week
Ans: D
Explanation: we are interested in comparing the salaries of men and women who participate in the
labour market
2. Which statement best describes a theory?
a) An approach to explain a phenomenon in the real world
b) A set of principles that describe individuals’ behaviours
c) A set of principles specific to the observation or situation of interest
d) A general principle that applies to all populations
Ans: A
Explanation: a theory is a principle or set of principle that we use to explain an observed situation or
event (i.e., a phenomenon) that include but is not limited to individuals’ behaviours
3. For the following statements, indicate which ones are non-scientific:
a) Friendship bonds are unbreakable
b) Dogs are better than cats
c) Films are better enjoyed with popcorn
Ans: B
a) Scientific: we can measure the length of any friendship bond, which might or might not last forever
b) Non-scientific: individuals’ preferences for dogs or cats can be measured; however, we cannot
have an objective measure of which animal is best.
c) Scientific: we can measure the level of satisfaction of the same people watching a film with and
without popcorn and find out whether there are differences in their level of enjoyment.
4. When do we need to draw a random sample?
a) When we have information from all entities of interest
b) When the population is large enough to be representative
c) When the population is too big to collect data for all the entities of interest
d) When we need information about entities that are representative of the population
1
,Ans: C
Explanation: for large populations is not feasible to collect data for all entities (e.g., individuals), so we
need to draw a random sample that ensures it is representative of the population
5. We draw 5 samples of 30 young adults aged between 18 and 25 to conduct some research on the
number of concerts young adults go to within a year. We find the following averages: 6, 14, 7, 10 and
9. What can we conclude from the given information?
a) The sampling variation would get larger with an additional 5 samples
b) Most samples overestimate the true parameter of the population
c) The sampling error is largest for the sample with an average statistic of 6 concerts a year
d) The best estimate we have of the population parameter is the average of these 5 sample statistics
Ans: D
Explanation: In the absence of knowing the true value of the mean of the population from which have
drawn our samples, the best estimate is the mean of our samples means.
6. The assertion that a variable measured in natural conditions causes an outcome to vary is possible
under:
a) A longitudinal research design
b) A cross-sectional research design
c) An experimental research design
d) An exploratory research design
Ans: D
Explanation: we could establish a relationship between two variables that have not been manipulated
by the researcher (natural conditions). Also, and provided we use a longitudinal research design, we
could determine a time sequence between the cause occurring prior to the effect. However, without
the possibility of using an experimental design, we would need to rule out any other confounding
variables as potentially being the cause.
7. When the results of an experiment can be applied to real-world conditions, that experiment is said
to have:
a) Criterion validity
b) Ecological validity
c) Content validity
d) Factorial validity
Ans: B
Explanation: For a research study to possess ecological validity, the methods, materials and setting of
the study must approximate the real-life situation that is under investigation
8. Imagine that we find an association between people drowning in a lake and consumption of ice
cream. What is the correct conclusion we can draw from this association?
2
, a) The higher intake of ice cream positively affects the chances of drowning
b) A tertium quid variable ‘month of the year’ is influencing both variables
c) We can conclude a cause-effect between ice-cream consumption and drowning
d) The association between intake of ice cream and drowning in a lake is weak
Ans: B
Explanation: The summer season triggers more bathers into lakes, which increases the risk of
drowning, while the heat in summer induces more people to consume ice-creams.
9. A variable manipulated by a researcher is known as:
a) An independent variable
b) A dependent variable
c) A confounding variable
d) A discrete variable
Ans: A
Explanation: An independent variable (or predictor variable) is a variable that is thought to be the
cause of some effect. This term is usually used in experimental research to denote a variable that the
experimenter has manipulated.
10. The purpose of a control condition is to:
a) Show up relationships between predictor variables.
b) Control for participant characteristics.
c) Rule out a tertium quid.
d) Allow inferences about a cause.
Ans: D
Explanation: A properly constructed control condition provides you with a reference point to determine
what change (if any) occurred when a variable was modified.
11. In a study interested in comparing the effects of owning or not a cat on single adults’ emotional
well-being, what statement about the variation is correct?
a) The systematic variation will be bigger than unsystematic variation
b) The systematic and unsystematic will be about the same
c) The unsystematic variation will be greater than systematic variation
d) In this kind of study design the variation is not an issue
Ans: C
Explanation: In independent designs in which we contrast two groups, with or without a cat, we have
narrower scope to control for noise, thus we have more variability that is uncontrolled.
12. If we want to tackle potential problems of variation in a study using a within-subject design, an
efficient strategy would be to:
a) Assign participants of an experiment to random conditions
3
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