This document contains questions and answers from previous exams ranging from 2015 to 2022 as well as a detailed summary of the prescribed book. Answers were researched using the prescribed book and memos. This document will help you in your exams, assignments, and studies and will ensure that you ...
Answers were researched using the study guide, prescribed book and memo’s.
Please note that human errors are possible in this document.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Cognition : problem solving Page 4
Cognition : reasoning Page 7
Cognition : thinking Page 11
Emotion and motivation Page 15
Emotion : classification of Page 16
Emotion : concept of Page 18
Emotion : theories of Page 20
Emotional intelligence : concept of Page 22
Emotions : interpretation of Page 23
Groups : attributes of human groups Page 24
Groups : differentiation of groups Page 28
Groups : interaction of groups Page 29
Human nervous system : impulse conduction in the neuron Page 31
Human nervous system : impulse conduction in the synapse Page 33
Human nervous system : structure and function Page 36
Human nervous system : the structure of the neuron Page 42
Individual differences in behaviour Page 44
Information analysis : correlation between variables Page 45
Information analysis : difference between groups Page 48
Information modelling : expandable tree structures Page 52
Information modelling : flow charts Page 57
Information modelling : graphs Page 59
Intelligence : concept and measurement of Page 65
Intelligence : theories of Page 66
Intelligence and creativity Page 68
Interpersonal communication Page 69
Interpersonal dynamics Page 70
Interpersonal relationships Page 72
Learning : associative learning Page 74
Learning : cognitive learning Page 76
Learning : concept of Page 77
Learning : social learning Page 78
Memory Page 79
Motivation : the nature of motivated behaviour Page 82
Motivation : the process of motivated behaviour Page 84
Personality and health Page 86
Personality concepts Page 87
Personality theories Page 89
Presentations Page 94
Psychological disorders Page 96
Psychological programme : content for stress management Page 98
Psychological programme for stress Page 101
Psychological programme for study management Page 107
Psychological programmes Page 110
Psychological science Page 113
Psychology : what is it all about ? Page 116
Research essays Page 119
Self : the concept of self Page 122
,Self : the dynamics of self Page 123
Self : the foundations of self Page 127
Sensation and perception Page 129
Sensation : the visual system Page 135
Social issues Page 139
States of consciousness Page 143
Stress : the effects of stress Page 148
Stress : the process of stress Page 149
Stress : the psychophysiology of stress Page 152
Work : motivation in the workplace Page 154
Work : the concept of work Page 156
Work : the dynamics of unemployment Page 157
Work : the ethic of work Page 158
Problem solving is often regarded as one of the highest forms of thinking.
There are two phases to successful problem solving.
Steps in the process of problem solving
To start we need to know just what the problem is.
Then we think about suitable ways to solve it - this is called strategies.
Then we decide on the best solution.
Lastly we evaluate the situation so see if we solved the problem effectively.
Identifying the problem and defining it clearly
Need to realise that there is a problem and then defining it.
The way you recognise and define the problem will influence how you will solve the problem.
Example from the text book
You may think that you would like to have a big family, perhaps six children, but then you realise that you do not earn
enough money to provide properly for them. This realisation means that you recognise the problem. If you define the
problem as not having enough money, then the solution to your problem would be to find ways of supplementing your
income.However, if you define the problem as placing too many demands on your resources (that is, your income), then
your solution would be to have fewer children so that you can provide for them properly with your available resources.
Exploring various strategies
There isn’t only one solution to a problem
Different strategies can be used to solve a problem
Example from the text book
(One way is to apply a set of rules)
First Example :
You see a man standing next to the freeway looking for a lift. You are not sure whether you should stop or not.
The rules of the road say that hitchhiking is not allowed on freeways and therefore you do not stop.
(Another way of problem solving may mean looking at a task or problem situation in different ways in order to find a
solution.)
Second Example :
Your daughter is unemployed and wants you to buy a television because she is bored at home. You cannot
afford one so you look at other ways of solving the problem (of boredom), like encouraging her to join a
volunteer programme or to participate in sport.
Some strategies for problem solving
Trail and error approach
Called a mechanical approach because it involves a set of rules or discovery by rote.
Involve trying all possibilities randomly.
Example - you want to open a door you go through your whole bunch of keys until you find the correct
one.
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