CONTRACEPTION
OB QUIZ 1 STUDY GUIDE
1. Oral contraceptives
a. Use back up when taking
i. Anticonvulsants
ii. Antibiotics.
b. Contraindicated
i. Gallbladder disease
PROBABLE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
1. Hegar’s sign
a. Softening and compressibility of lower uterus
2. Chadwick’s s...
OB QUIZ 1 STUDY GUIDE
CONTRACEPTION
1. Oral contraceptives
a. Use back up when taking
i. Anticonvulsants
ii. Antibiotics.
b. Contraindicated
i. Gallbladder disease
PROBABLE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
1. Hegar’s sign
a. Softening and compressibility of lower uterus
2. Chadwick’s sign
a. Deepened violet-bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucosa
3. Goodell’s sign
a. Softening of cervical tip
4. Ballottement
a. Rebound of unengaged fetus
5. Braxton Hicks contractions
a. False contractions; painless, irregular, and usually relieved by walking,
6. Positive pregnancy test
7. Fetal outline felt by examiner.
8. Verifying Possible Pregnancy Using Serum and Urine Pregnancy Testing
a. Presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
i. Production can start as early as the day of implantation and can be detected
as early as 7 to 10 days after conception.
GPTPAL
1. Gravidity
b. Number of pregnancies.
● Nulligravida – a woman who has never been pregnant
● Primigravida – a woman in her first pregnancy
● Multigravida – a woman who has had two or more pregnancies
2. Parity
a. Number of pregnancies in which the fetus or fetuses reach viability (approximately 20
weeks) regardless of whether the fetus is born alive
● Nullipara – no pregnancy beyond the stage of viability
● Primipara – has completed one pregnancy to stage of viability
● Multipara – has completed two or more pregnancies to stage of viability
3. Term births (38 weeks or more)
4. Preterm births (from viability up to 37 weeks)
5. Abortions/miscarriages (prior to viability)
6. Living children
,OB QUIZ 1 STUDY GUIDE.
PREGNANCY
1. Leukorrhea
a. White/slightly gray mucoid discharge with faint musty odor
b. Occurs in response to cervical stimulation by estrogen and progesterone.
c. Fluid is whitish because of exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells.
d. Never pruritic or blood stained.
e. Mucus fills the endocervical canal, resulting in formation of the mucus plug.
2. Blood pressure
a. Decreases 5 to 10 mm Hg
i. Both the diastolic and the systolic during the second trimester.
b. Supine hypotensive syndrome or supine vena cava syndrome
i. Position of the pregnant woman also may affect blood pressure
ii. Signs and symptoms:
1. Dizziness
2. Lightheadedness
Pale, clammy
skin
3. Skin changes
a. Chloasma
i. Pigmentation increases on the face.
b. Linea nigra
i. Dark line of pigmentation from the umbilicus extending to the pubic area.
c. Striae gravidarum
i. Stretch marks most notably found on the abdomen and thighs.
4. Vaccinations
a. Not ok:
i. Live or attenuated live viruses
1. Mumps, Rubella, and chickenpox.
b. Ok:
i. Tetanus, Influenza (inactivated), Recombinant hepatitis B, and Diphtheria.
5. Fetal Heart Rate
a. Can be heard by Doppler at 10 to 12 weeks of gestation
b. Heard with a stethoscope or fetosope at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation.
6. Testing
a. HgbA1C
b. One and Three hours Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
c. PAP
d. HPV
e. Vaginal culture
f. PPD
g. Syphilis
h. HIV
i. Toxoplasmosis
, OB QUIZ 1 STUDY GUIDE.
j. Rubella
k. Cytomegalovirus
l. Herpes virus
m. TORCH screening when indicated
n. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)
7. RhO(D)
a. Administer RhO(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) IM around 28 weeks of gestation
for clients who are Rh-negative
8. Exercise
a. Should consist of 30 min of moderate exercise (walking or swimming) daily if
not medically or obstetrically contraindicated
9. Morning sickness
a. May occur during the first trimester.
b. Client Teaching:
i. Eat crackers or dry toast 30 min to 1 hr before rising in the morning
ii. Avoid an empty stomach and ingesting spicy, greasy, or gas-forming foods.
iii. Drink fluids between meals.
10. Heartburn
a. Second and third trimesters
b. Due to stomach being displaced by enlarging uterus, slowing of gastrointestinal
tract motility, and digestion brought about by increased progesterone levels.
c. Client Teaching:
i. Eat small frequent meals
ii. Don’t allow the stomach to get too empty or too full
iii. Sit up for 30 min after meals
iv. Check with provider prior to using any over-the-counter antacids.
11. Constipation
a. Second and third trimester
b. Drink plenty of fluids
c. Eat a diet high in fiber
d. Exercise regularly.
12. Hemorrhoids
a. Second and third trimesters.
i. Treatment
1. Warm Sitz bath
2. Witch hazel pads
3. Application of topical ointments
13. Urinary frequency
a. First and third trimesters.
b. Client Teaching:
i. Empty her bladder frequently
ii. Decrease fluid intake before bedtime
iii. Use perineal pads.
iv. Perform Kegel exercises
14. Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
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