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Summary / Concepts Introduction to Psychology

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This document contains all definitions of the concepts of all lectures, including important theories and ideas. Summary of everything that has been discussed during the lectures.

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  • October 20, 2022
  • 24
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
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Lecture 1 - Genes and Evolution


Psychology The scientific study of mind and brain to
explain behavior

Forer Effect The tendency of people to accept
vague/general information as true

Genes Meaningful sections of the DNA molecule +
govern the cell’s functioning by providing
instructions for making proteins

Gene Expression Whether a gene is turned ‘on’ or ‘off’, the
extent to which a gene is transcribed into a
sequence of amino acids (proteins)

Genotype An organism’s specific set of genes

Phenotype The overt traits and behaviors of an
organism, determined by genotype x
environment

Allele On specific variant of a gene

Polygenetic Inheritance A specific trait or behavior is determined by
the interaction between environment and
multiple gene pais

Genome An organism’s entire set of genes

Evolutionary Theory Charles Darwin; all modern organisms are
descended from a small set of shared
ancestors and have merged over time

Natural Selection Key mechanism of evolution, the
reproduction of organisms with different
phenotypes; specific traits will be better
represented in the next generation; survival
of genes, not survival of individuals

Three Conditions of Natural Selection 1. Variation among individuals of a
population
2. Individuals with a certain trait
survive and reproduce at higher
rates than others
3. The trait associated with this
advantage is passed on from
parents to offspring

Pseudogenes Inactive gene that does not produce a
protein; most likely produced a protein in
ancestors; contains mutation


Lecture 2 - The Brain and the Nervous System

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