Exam (elaborations)
NURSING 101 Pharmacology Proctored ATI Study Guide.
- Course
- Institution
Pharmacology Proctored ATI Study Guide. NURSING 101 Pharmacology Proctored ATI Study Guide. (NURSING101)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Courseprof
Reviews received
Content preview
Pharmacology ProctoredATI Study Guide
,Pharmacology Proctored ATI Study Guide
Chapter 1: Pharmacokinetics and Routes of Administration
• Absorption
▪ Route of admin affects the rate and amount of absorption
o Oral:
▪ GI pH and emptying time
▪ Presence of food in the stomach or intestines
▪ Form of meds (liquid/XR)
o Sublingual/buccal
▪ Quick absorption systemically through highly vascular
mucous membranes
o Inhalation via mouth/nose
▪ Rapid absorption through alveolar capillary networks
o Intradermal, topical
▪ Slow, gradual absorption
o SQ/IM
▪ Highly soluble meds have rapid absorption (10-30min), poorly
soluble have slower absorption
▪ Blood perfusion at site of injection affect absorption
o IV
▪ Immediate and complete
• Distribution
o Transportation of meds to sites of action by body fluids
o Plasma binding protein: meds compete for protein binding sites within
bloodstream, primarily albumin. The ability of med to bind to protein can
affect how much med will leave and travel to target tissues.
• Metabolism
o Primarily occurs in the liver but can take place in the kidney
o Factors that influence metabolism:
▪ Age (infants/older adults require smaller doses)
▪ First pass effect: liver inactivates some meds on first pass through
and thus require sublingual or IV route (may need higher dose)
• Excretion:
o Eliminated through the kidneys.
o Kidney dysfunction can result in elevated levels of medications.
• Med Response
o Maintain plasma levels between minimum effective concentration and the toxic
concentration:
• Therapeutic index (TI)
o High TI has a wide safety margin.
o Low TI requires monitoring of serum levels.
, o Tough levels: obtain immediately before next dose.
• Half-life:
o Time it takes a medication level to drop in the body by 50%.
o Short vs long half-life: long half-life has greater risk for med accumulation
in body.
• Agonist: enhance
• Antagonist: blocks
• Routes of admin:
o Oral/Enteral:
▪ 90 degrees upright
▪ do not mix with large amounts of food
▪ lean chin in to help facilitate swallowing
o Sublingual/buccal
▪ Keep med in place until completely dissolved
o Transdermal
▪ Wash skin with soap and water then dry it thoroughly before placing
patch. Place patch on hairless area and rotate sites to prevent
irritation.
o Drops:
▪ Place drop in center of sac.
▪ Avoid placing directly on cornea.
▪ If blink repeat process.
▪ Apply gentle pressure with finger and a clean facial tissue on the
nasolacrimal duct for 30-60 seconds to prevent systemic
absorption.
o Ears:
▪ Have client lay on unaffected side.
▪ Up and out for adults
▪ Down and back for children
o Inhalation:
▪ MDI
• Shake vigorously 5-6 times
• Take a deep breath and then exhale
• Slow deep breath for 3-5 seconds from MDI
• Hold breath for 10 seconds after
▪ DPI
• DO NOT SHAKE DEVICE
• Place mouthpiece between lips and take a deep breath
• Hold breath for 5-10 seconds
o NG/Gastrostomy tubes
▪ To prevent clogging flush tube before and after each med with 15-30ml
of warm sterile water.
o Suppositories:
▪ Left lateral sims position.
, ▪ Insert beyond internal sphincter
▪ Remain flat or left lateral for 5 min after insertion.
o Intradermal:
▪ Used for allergy testing
▪ Used for tb testing
▪ Small amount of solution (no more than 0.1ml)
▪ 10-15-degree angle bevel up.
o Z-track: for iron
Chapter 2: Safe Med Admin and Error Reduction
• Types of Prescriptions:
o Routine/standard: regularly scheduled meds
o Single/one time: asap or a specific time
o Stat: once and immediately
o PRN: as needed
o Standing: specific circumstances or specific units: ex: heparin protocol
• Taking a phone prescription:
o Have 2nd nurse on line if possible
o Read-back prescription
o Verify and sign within 24 hours
• Med rec:
o Take place at admission, transfer of clients, and discharge.
• RIGHTS OF SAFE MED ADMIN:
o Right client
o Right med
o Right dose
o Right time
o Right route
o Right documentation
o Right client education
o Right to refuse
o Right assessment
o Right evaluation
• Evaluation
o Report all errors and implement corrective measures immediately
▪ Complete incident report within time frame the facility specifies
(usually 24 hours) and it should include
• Client id, name and dose of med, time and place of incident,
accurate and objective account of event, who you notified,
what actions you took, your signature.
▪ Do not reference or include report in clients medical record
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Courseprof. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now