Exam (elaborations)
AQA A Level Biology - Mutations and Gene Expression Workbook ()
- Course
- Institution
A useful workbook of past paper questions on Mutations and Gene Expression, preparing students for upcoming exams.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
kmomoniat
Content preview
Cardinal Newman CollegeName: Teacher:
Mutation and Gene Expression PPQs
Q1.(a) Explain how the structure of DNA is related to its functions.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................(6)
Scientists investigated three genes, C, D and E, involved in controlling cell division.
They studied the effect of mutations in these genes on the risk of developing lung cancer.
The scientists analysed genes C, D and E from healthy people and people with lung cancer.
• If a person had a normal allele for a gene, they used the symbol N.
• If a person had two mutant alleles for a gene, they used the symbol M.
They used their data to calculate the risk of developing lung cancer for people with different
combinations of N and M alleles of the genes. A risk value of 1.00 indicates no increased risk.
The following table shows the scientists’ results.
Risk of
Gene C Gene D Gene E developing
lung cancer
N N N 1.00
M N N 1.30
N N M 1.78
N M N 1.45
N = at least one copy of the normal allele is present
M = two copies of the mutant allele are present
Page 1
, Cardinal Newman College
(b) What do these data suggest about the relative importance of the mutant alleles of genes
C, D and E on increasing the risk of developing lung cancer? Explain your answer.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................(3)
Chemotherapy is the use of a drug to treat cancer. The drug kills dividing cells.
The figure below shows the number of healthy cells and cancer cells in the blood of a patient
receiving chemotherapy. The arrows labelled F to I show when the drug was given to the
patient.
Time / days
(c) Calculate the rate at which healthy cells were killed between days 42 and 46.
.............. cells killed per unit volume of blood per day (1)
(d) Describe similarities and differences in the response of healthy cells and cancer cells to
the drug between times F and G.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Page 2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller kmomoniat. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.09. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
76669 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now