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Lecture notes of 10 pages for the course BSESSDP at Technological University Of The Philippines
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Subject Code: GESCIETS First Semester, SY 2020-2021Subject Title: Science, Technology and Society
Module 10: The Nano World
This lesson discusses the major impacts of nanotechnology and its costs and
benefits on human lives.
Aside from the benefits that nanotechnology brought to humanity, there are
also issues that society should be aware of. It is therefore important for the society
to understand the nature of nanotechnology along with its costs and benefits.
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Nano world is the world at a microscopic level, as dealt with by
nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted
at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanotechnology is a part of
science and technology about the control of matter on the atomic and molecular
scale - this means things that are about 100 nanometres across. Nanotechnology
includes making products that use parts this small, such as electronic devices,
catalysts, sensors, etc.
Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely
small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry,
biology, physics, materials science, and engineering. Nanotechnology is a field of
research and innovation concerned with building 'things' - generally, materials and
devices - on the scale of atoms and molecules. A nanometre is one-billionth of a
metre: ten times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. The diameter of a human hair is,
on average, 80,000 nanometres
It’s hard to imagine just how small nanotechnology is. One nanometer is a
billionth of a meter, or 10-9 of a meter. Here are a few illustrative examples:
There are 25,400,000 nanometers in an inch
A sheet of newspaper is about 100,000 nanometers thick
Nanoscience is the study of structures and materials on the scale of
nanometers. Nanoscience and nanotechnology involve the ability to see and to
control individual atoms and molecules. Everything on Earth is made up of atoms—
the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the buildings and houses we live in, and our
own bodies. Something which is as small as an atom is impossible to see with the
naked eye. The microscopes needed to see things at the nanoscale were invented
relatively recently—about 30 years ago.
Once scientists had the right tools, such as the scanning tunneling
microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM), the age of
nanotechnology was born. Although modern nanoscience and nanotechnology are
, quite new, nanoscale materials were used for centuries. Alternate-sized gold and
silver particles created colors in the stained glass windows of medieval churches
hundreds of years ago.
Today's scientists and engineers are finding a wide variety of ways to
deliberately make materials at the nanoscale to take advantage of their enhanced
properties such as higher strength, lighter weight, increased control of light
spectrum, and greater chemical reactivity than their larger-scale counterparts.
Nanotechnology is totally dependent on the nanoscience. ... The main difference
between the nanotechnology and nanoscience is that the Nanotechnology is
dependent on the concepts of Nanoscience but it is independent technology.
Nanoscience is the study of the basic properties of the materials and compounds.
Nanotechnology diagnostic tool to identify Corona virus
Source of image: Left- azonano.com, Right - phys.org
7 Nanotechnology examples that already exist:
1. Molecular 3D Printers 5. The Graphene Engine
2. Solar Power. ... 6. The Nanorotor
3. Tiny Switches. ... 7. Nano Rockets
4. The Atomic Engine. ...
Nanotechnology can enable sensors to detect very small amounts of chemical
vapors. Various types of detecting elements, such as carbon nanotubes, zinc oxide
nanowires or palladium nanoparticles can be used in nanotechnology-based
sensors.
Current Consumer Products Using Nanotechnology Including: Sunglasses,
Textiles, and Sensors to monitor body functions, Sports equipment, and Sunscreens
Human Health Risks of Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is presented as a very powerful tool capable of transforming
society again just as microelectronics and biotechnology did in the 20th century. The
potential of new developments which results in various areas of knowledge seems
truly unlimited. However, as these technologies transform society, “side effects” or
risks associated with their extensive use appear.
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