Summary
Summary Haemtology - Haemopoiesis notes
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Erythropoiesis, Leukopoiesis, Thrombopoiesis
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Haemopoiesis● Yolk sac → liver → spleen → bone marrow through life stages foetus → infancy →
childhood
● Erythropoiesis: Stem cell → CFUGEMM → BFUE → CFUE → proerythroblast →
erythroblast/nucleated RBC → reticulocyte → mature RBC
○ 1 proerythroblast = 16 RBC
○ Erythropoietin production from kidneys stimulated from hypoxia/ low O2 tension through
HIF-2α and HIF-β
○ EP increases:
■ number of progenitor cells committed to erythropoiesis
■ Differentiation rate of BFUE and CFUE
■ Activation of erythroid specific genes eg haem, RBC membrane
■ Expansion into fatty marrow and extramedullary sites if chronic hypoxia
● Leukopoiesis can either be myeloid or lymphoid.
○ Myeloid: Stem cell → CFUGEMM → CFUGEMEo → CFUGM → CFU-M or CFU-G →
monocyte or neutrophil
○ Lymphoid: stem cell → common lymphoid progenitor cell → B/T
lymphocytes or NK cell
○ Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are growth factors for all
leukocytes cells. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for granulocytes
○ Growth factors are stimulated by already present leukocytes secreting interleukins
● Thrombopoiesis: Stem cell → CFUGEMM → CFUEMK → CFUMK → megakaryocyte →
platelets
○ Thrombopoietin released from liver is stimulated by Tpo
○ TP enables megakaryocyte cell growth → platelets and stimulates platelet
activation during coagulation
○ Platelets created from megakaryocyte cytoplasm from pseudopodial projections which
break off. Exact maturation mechanisms afterwards are unknown, but microtubules are
stimulated to deliver intracellular components to platelet fragments
○ 1 megakaryocyte = 1500-4000 platelets
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