the chaos of October 1905, Nicholas promised Russia a government that was constitutional in character. Although the right to vote was still restricted, there was an elected Duma and individuals could meet and organise themselves openly, as well as take an active role in political life. The first Du...
[Show more]
Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A Outremer was never likely to last. For it to survive, in the midst of enemy territory, it was necessary to have a steady renewal of manpower from the West. Rulers of Jerusalem had to appease the Byzantines and had to plot with infidel princes to ensure Mu...
Preview 3 out of 19 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Extract A Outremer was never likely to last. For it to survive, in the midst of enemy territory, it was necessary to have a steady renewal of manpower from the West. Rulers of Jerusalem had to appease the Byzantines and had to plot with infidel princes to ensure Mu...
Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A Early in his reign, Philip II pursued limited, defensive policies. Even these entailed multiple commitments in the Netherlands and Mediterranean, leading to a state bankruptcy in 1575. Nevertheless, by 1580 he had maintained peace with France and England...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Extract A Early in his reign, Philip II pursued limited, defensive policies. Even these entailed multiple commitments in the Netherlands and Mediterranean, leading to a state bankruptcy in 1575. Nevertheless, by 1580 he had maintained peace with France and England...
Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A Henry VIII not only reigned over England but led the nation. He held back men who went too fast, dragged forward men who lagged behind. The conservatives in religion trusted him because he shared their conservatism. The King believed in the traditions in ...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Extract A Henry VIII not only reigned over England but led the nation. He held back men who went too fast, dragged forward men who lagged behind. The conservatives in religion trusted him because he shared their conservatism. The King believed in the traditions in ...
Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A In 1625 the religious anxieties of James I’s subjects ran high. This was not the fault of his domestic religious policies but the impact of the religious aspects of his foreign affairs. Charles I’s approach to the power of the bishops made tensions wo...
Preview 3 out of 20 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Extract A In 1625 the religious anxieties of James I’s subjects ran high. This was not the fault of his domestic religious policies but the impact of the religious aspects of his foreign affairs. Charles I’s approach to the power of the bishops made tensions wo...
Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A The objectives of Russia’s foreign policy towards Turkey arose from its geographical and political situation. The objectives were also influenced by traditional friendships and enemies. To the south, Russia had been defending itself for centuries agains...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Extract A The objectives of Russia’s foreign policy towards Turkey arose from its geographical and political situation. The objectives were also influenced by traditional friendships and enemies. To the south, Russia had been defending itself for centuries agains...
Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A Industrialisation quickly broke up traditional social patterns which had existed for centuries. Living conditions in industrial towns, even more than working conditions, created new and terrifying problems. The new urban environment, affecting a steadily ...
Preview 3 out of 18 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Extract A Industrialisation quickly broke up traditional social patterns which had existed for centuries. Living conditions in industrial towns, even more than working conditions, created new and terrifying problems. The new urban environment, affecting a steadily ...
A-level HISTORY Component 1F Industrialisation and the people: Britain, c1783–1885 Wednesday 24 May 2023 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the i...
Preview 3 out of 18 pages
Add to cartA-level HISTORY Component 1F Industrialisation and the people: Britain, c1783–1885 Wednesday 24 May 2023 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the i...
A-level HISTORY Component 1G Challenge and transformation: Britain, c1851–1964 Wednesday 24 May 2023 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the infor...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartA-level HISTORY Component 1G Challenge and transformation: Britain, c1851–1964 Wednesday 24 May 2023 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the infor...
Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A There were significant strains and tensions in Tsarist society before 1917. In the 1890s Russia had embarked on rapid industrialisation, yet the absolutist monarchy had refused to admit to political power the industrial and professional classes created in...
Preview 3 out of 18 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Extract A There were significant strains and tensions in Tsarist society before 1917. In the 1890s Russia had embarked on rapid industrialisation, yet the absolutist monarchy had refused to admit to political power the industrial and professional classes created in...
Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A The expansion of the British Empire was fuelled by the Victorians’ love of adventure and a desire for new knowledge. The interior of Africa held the most enticing mysteries left in the world. The public at home shared the thrill of discovery of the man ...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Extract A The expansion of the British Empire was fuelled by the Victorians’ love of adventure and a desire for new knowledge. The interior of Africa held the most enticing mysteries left in the world. The public at home shared the thrill of discovery of the man ...
Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A From 1954, there were times when Eisenhower seemed tempted to involve American military forces in Vietnam, but he took steps to avoid escalating conflict. With no clear policy, the United States increasingly relied on Diem to govern South Vietnam and pou...
Preview 3 out of 18 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Extract A From 1954, there were times when Eisenhower seemed tempted to involve American military forces in Vietnam, but he took steps to avoid escalating conflict. With no clear policy, the United States increasingly relied on Diem to govern South Vietnam and pou...
Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A After 1966, party distinctions in West Germany became blurred. The Grand Coalition of 1966–69 set Germany back on track in the most difficult of circumstances, effectively resolving the economic problems of the mid-1960s. This government greatly contrib...
Preview 3 out of 18 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Extract A After 1966, party distinctions in West Germany became blurred. The Grand Coalition of 1966–69 set Germany back on track in the most difficult of circumstances, effectively resolving the economic problems of the mid-1960s. This government greatly contrib...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From ‘The History of William Marshal’, a biography commissioned by William’s family in the 1220s. William was a knight in Young Henry’s household in the 1170s. Young Henry loved the life of visiting tournaments in whatever lands they were being he...
Preview 3 out of 18 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From ‘The History of William Marshal’, a biography commissioned by William’s family in the 1220s. William was a knight in Young Henry’s household in the 1170s. Young Henry loved the life of visiting tournaments in whatever lands they were being he...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From ‘A Code of Public Behaviour’, 1534. Laws drawn up by the Twelve Elders of Münster. The Elders became the governing body once the Anabaptists had control of the city. Whoever curses God and His Holy Name shall be killed. No one will curse govern...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From ‘A Code of Public Behaviour’, 1534. Laws drawn up by the Twelve Elders of Münster. The Elders became the governing body once the Anabaptists had control of the city. Whoever curses God and His Holy Name shall be killed. No one will curse govern...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From the ‘Remonstrance of the New Model Army’, written by Commissary-General Henry Ireton, November 1648. This was presented to Parliament as the opinion of the Army. We have fought to give freedom and enlargement to the Gospel and to take away the c...
Preview 3 out of 20 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From the ‘Remonstrance of the New Model Army’, written by Commissary-General Henry Ireton, November 1648. This was presented to Parliament as the opinion of the Army. We have fought to give freedom and enlargement to the Gospel and to take away the c...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a book by Marshal d’Estrées, published in France, 1666. D’Estrées was a leading French general before becoming the French ambassador in Rome,1636–48. Until the end of 1647, it seemed that the calm, authoritarian spirit of Cardinal de Richelieu...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a book by Marshal d’Estrées, published in France, 1666. D’Estrées was a leading French general before becoming the French ambassador in Rome,1636–48. Until the end of 1647, it seemed that the calm, authoritarian spirit of Cardinal de Richelieu...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a letter to William Cecil, Secretary of State, from Edmund Grindal, Bishop of London, 1566. Grindal faced resistance to his injunctions on the conformity of clerical dress. Sir, I have thought it good to explain to you things that have happened recen...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a letter to William Cecil, Secretary of State, from Edmund Grindal, Bishop of London, 1566. Grindal faced resistance to his injunctions on the conformity of clerical dress. Sir, I have thought it good to explain to you things that have happened recen...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a personal letter to George Mason, a Virginian plantation owner, from Richard Henry Lee, President of Congress, 1784/85, 15 May 1787. It has given me pleasure to be informed that General Washington and you, George, have gone to the Convention. We may...
Preview 3 out of 18 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a personal letter to George Mason, a Virginian plantation owner, from Richard Henry Lee, President of Congress, 1784/85, 15 May 1787. It has given me pleasure to be informed that General Washington and you, George, have gone to the Convention. We may...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a speech on the future of the King, given in the National Convention, by Maximilien Robespierre, 3 December 1792. Louis is dethroned by his crimes. He conspired against the Republic: either he is condemned or the basis of the Republic is under questi...
Preview 3 out of 18 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a speech on the future of the King, given in the National Convention, by Maximilien Robespierre, 3 December 1792. Louis is dethroned by his crimes. He conspired against the Republic: either he is condemned or the basis of the Republic is under questi...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a speech, ‘The Crime against Kansas’ made to Congress by Charles Sumner, a Senator for Massachusetts, 19 May 1856. The Kansas-Nebraska Bill has openly cleared the way for slavery. It can be presumed those who wrote the Bill intended it to be used...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a speech, ‘The Crime against Kansas’ made to Congress by Charles Sumner, a Senator for Massachusetts, 19 May 1856. The Kansas-Nebraska Bill has openly cleared the way for slavery. It can be presumed those who wrote the Bill intended it to be used...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a memo sent to members of the Polish Government by Polish Foreign Minister, Jozef Beck, 23 August 1939. Today’s announcements about the intended Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact prove conclusively that the Soviet government has been playing a double...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a memo sent to members of the Polish Government by Polish Foreign Minister, Jozef Beck, 23 August 1939. Today’s announcements about the intended Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact prove conclusively that the Soviet government has been playing a double...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a memo sent to members of the Polish Government by Polish Foreign Minister, Jozef Beck, 23 August 1939. Today’s announcements about the intended Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact prove conclusively that the Soviet government has been playing a double...
Preview 3 out of 18 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a memo sent to members of the Polish Government by Polish Foreign Minister, Jozef Beck, 23 August 1939. Today’s announcements about the intended Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact prove conclusively that the Soviet government has been playing a double...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From the minutes of a Cabinet meeting, 23 August 1931. The Prime Minister informed the Cabinet that he was strongly in favour of accepting the May Committee’s recommendations. The Bank of England needed to restore confidence in sterling. He warned the C...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From the minutes of a Cabinet meeting, 23 August 1931. The Prime Minister informed the Cabinet that he was strongly in favour of accepting the May Committee’s recommendations. The Bank of England needed to restore confidence in sterling. He warned the C...
2x sold
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From ‘I Chose Freedom’ by Viktor Kravchenko, 1946. Kravchenko was a Red Army captain during the Great Patriotic War but defected to the USA in 1944. Had the Nazi invaders displayed good political sense, they would have avoided a lot of the fierce guer...
Preview 3 out of 21 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From ‘I Chose Freedom’ by Viktor Kravchenko, 1946. Kravchenko was a Red Army captain during the Great Patriotic War but defected to the USA in 1944. Had the Nazi invaders displayed good political sense, they would have avoided a lot of the fierce guer...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From the diary of Joseph Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda, 10/11 November 1938. Goebbels kept this private diary with the intention of publishing it at a later date. Ernst vom Rath’s death is reported; now everything is ready. I bring the matter to the ...
Preview 3 out of 18 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From the diary of Joseph Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda, 10/11 November 1938. Goebbels kept this private diary with the intention of publishing it at a later date. Ernst vom Rath’s death is reported; now everything is ready. I bring the matter to the ...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From an interview with Jing Shenghong, an eminent Chinese historian, in China, in 2006. Jing describes events at Nanjing University on 3 June 1966, where he had been a student. Several professors were criticised at first. Among them was Professor Lin from...
Preview 3 out of 21 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From an interview with Jing Shenghong, an eminent Chinese historian, in China, in 2006. Jing describes events at Nanjing University on 3 June 1966, where he had been a student. Several professors were criticised at first. Among them was Professor Lin from...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a report of a speech by Jesse Jackson to the Republican Party, in the New York Times, 21 January 1978. This left-leaning newspaper is renowned for high journalistic standards. ‘Blacks will vote Republican if Republicans will go after their votes an...
Preview 3 out of 18 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a report of a speech by Jesse Jackson to the Republican Party, in the New York Times, 21 January 1978. This left-leaning newspaper is renowned for high journalistic standards. ‘Blacks will vote Republican if Republicans will go after their votes an...
ection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a speech given to the United Nations Security Council, by the US Ambassador to the United Nations, Adlai Stevenson, 23 October 1962. I have asked for an emergency meeting of the Security Council to bring to your attention a grave threat to the peace o...
Preview 3 out of 20 pages
Add to cartection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a speech given to the United Nations Security Council, by the US Ambassador to the United Nations, Adlai Stevenson, 23 October 1962. I have asked for an emergency meeting of the Security Council to bring to your attention a grave threat to the peace o...
ection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a speech given to the United Nations Security Council, by the US Ambassador to the United Nations, Adlai Stevenson, 23 October 1962. I have asked for an emergency meeting of the Security Council to bring to your attention a grave threat to the peace o...
Preview 3 out of 20 pages
Add to cartection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a speech given to the United Nations Security Council, by the US Ambassador to the United Nations, Adlai Stevenson, 23 October 1962. I have asked for an emergency meeting of the Security Council to bring to your attention a grave threat to the peace o...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a speech given to the United Nations Security Council, by the US Ambassador to the United Nations, Adlai Stevenson, 23 October 1962. I have asked for an emergency meeting of the Security Council to bring to your attention a grave threat to the peace ...
Preview 3 out of 20 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a speech given to the United Nations Security Council, by the US Ambassador to the United Nations, Adlai Stevenson, 23 October 1962. I have asked for an emergency meeting of the Security Council to bring to your attention a grave threat to the peace ...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From a speech in the House of Commons during a debate on the Wootton Report, by Conservative MP Patrick McNair-Wilson, 27 January 1969. This report recommended the legalisation of cannabis. I have listened to the arguments of those experts outside this Ho...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From a speech in the House of Commons during a debate on the Wootton Report, by Conservative MP Patrick McNair-Wilson, 27 January 1969. This report recommended the legalisation of cannabis. I have listened to the arguments of those experts outside this Ho...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From the memoirs of Bolshakov, published in Pravda, February 1989. Bolshakov was an intelligence officer in the Soviet Embassy in Havana at the time of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. The events of October 1962 were the first and, fortunately, only nuclear...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From the memoirs of Bolshakov, published in Pravda, February 1989. Bolshakov was an intelligence officer in the Soviet Embassy in Havana at the time of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. The events of October 1962 were the first and, fortunately, only nuclear...
Section A Answer Question 01. Source A From the memoirs of Bolshakov, published in Pravda, February 1989. Bolshakov was an intelligence officer in the Soviet Embassy in Havana at the time of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. The events of October 1962 were the first and, fortunately, only nuclear...
Preview 3 out of 17 pages
Add to cartSection A Answer Question 01. Source A From the memoirs of Bolshakov, published in Pravda, February 1989. Bolshakov was an intelligence officer in the Soviet Embassy in Havana at the time of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. The events of October 1962 were the first and, fortunately, only nuclear...
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller AcademiaGiant. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67866 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
