AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE EXAM PACKAGE DEAL GRADED A+

life has existed on earth for - 3.8 billion years water covers _ of earth -3/4 earth is well suited because - -water covers 3/4 -habitable temps -moderate sunlight -oxygen and carbon dioxide provided -soil has essential minerals for plants highly developed countries - industrialized, low pop ...

population - composed of all individuals that belong to the same species and live in a given area at a particular time community - incorporates all of the populations of organisms within a given area population ecology - the study of factors that cause populations to increase or decrease populat...

Cap and trade - Provides a market for companies to buy and sell allowances that permit them to emit only a certain amount; gives companies a strong incentive to save moeny by cutting emissions debt for nature swap - A portion of developing nation's foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local ...

superposition - The principle that any given rock layer is probably older than those above it and younger than those below it continental crust - Extends from surface of Earth down to 20-30 miles. Continental crust (granite) is less dense then ocean crust (basalt). oceanic crust - Extends down f...

First Law of Thermodynamics - Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may be converted from one form to another. El Niño (ENSO) - prevailing winds in the Pacific weaken and change direction every few years which results in above average warming of eastern Pacific waters, which changes distr...

abiotic - related to factors or things that are separate and independent from living things; nonliving acid - any compound that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Also, a water solution that contains a surplus of hydrogen ions air mass - enormous bodies of air that move as a unit A...

Succession - -recovery after disaster Photosynthesis - -the process by which producers use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose Cellular Respiration - -the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water Food Chain - -the s...

Ionizing radiation - enough energy to dislodge electrons from atoms, forming ions; capable of causing cancer (gamma, X-rays, UV) High Quality Energy - organized & concentrated; can perform useful work (fossil fuel & nuclear) Low Quality Energy - disorganized, dispersed (heat in ocean or air wind,...

A fuel's net energy yield is correctly defined as - a comparison between the cost of mining, processing, and transporting a fuel and the amount of useful energy the fuel generates A regular light bulb has an efficiency rating of 3 percent. For every 1 joule of energy that bulb uses, the amount o...

abiotic - Pertaining to factors or things that are nonliving. acid - Any compound that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Also, a water solution that contains a surplus of hydrogen ions. A horizon - a soil horizon; the layer below the O layer is called the A layer. The A layer is for...

Anthropocentric - regarding humans as most significant species; human-centered Tragedy of the Commons - the depletion of shared resources by people acting in individual interest Triple Bottom Line - approach to sustainability that meets environmental, economic, and social goals (business) Inorg...